ࡱ>  Root Entry~>Ot"2Contentse DocComponentsInfo$DiagClass0qWRoot Entry~>OP.,2Contentse DocComponentsInfo$DiagClass0W  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0345689:<=>?@ABHIKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdfghijklmnoprstuvwxyz{|}~iShape`Z_Z_Diagram1 #The VBA Project `Z_Z__VBA_Project`Z_Z_B# Commerce1- /=@@@?x /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_'&{00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000}! ,Layer 100 00#"#0? C %! 0000 00s34p40? C %! 0000 00$;%4&%4&%/'0? C%! 0000 00$B%8&!8&!/'0? C%!00 00  760? C%!00 00 4)4)0? C %!0000 00HZHx/x0? C%!0000 00HZH[/[0? C%!0000 0 0o#o#m0? C%!00 00!L!,0? C%!00 0 0f>h0? C%!0000 00$h h!0? C %!00 00Z3)>+):%/0? C %!0000 00$X#X#Z/Z0? C %!00 0(0:+W/0?P C %!0000 00!LZLZ,0? C%! 0000 00$!m!L$&L$&,0? C%!)! H   "5 l, "1 0< G ;ob1GE@ F `Z`8Arial`P_`o/K  C ("| \ /0>congressional findings  ?@dOP_ Process%!{ H   "B L25 , "1 0< G ;ob1GE@ F `Z`8Arial`P_`o/K  C ."E d /0<jurisdictional element ?@dOP_ Process%!1) H   "B Ln<n<25 .% "1 0< G ;ob1GE@ PF `Z`8Arial`P_`o/K [ C " t   /0WThe federal law is unconstitutional because it invades the reserved power of the states # $W?@dOP_  Preparation%%! 0000 00h 0? C %!h``@?@? @?@?@? @?!` \ "`  ! ??+#`>   $`{ C "^  ,/0\"Modern inquiry (Lopez categories)"?@dOP_ %\ ! H   "5 /I% "1 0< G ;ob1GE@ F `Z`8Arial`P_`o/K q C " 4 /0J Substantial relation to IC?@,ddOP_ Display%%!00 00 XY0?m C%!{ H   "5 >i "1 0< G ;ob1GE@ %F `Z`8Arial`P_`o/K l C |" D/0DIs the object/activity "in" or does it "affect" interstate comerce?D?@,ddOP_  Terminal%>i!  H   "5 /H% "1 0< G ;ob1GE@ F `Z`8Arial`P_`o/K k C  " ,/0@Instrumentalities of IC?@,ddOP_ Display%%! H   "5 /f% "1 0< G ;ob1GE@ F `Z`8Arial`P_`o/K j C " $/0,Channels of IC?@dOP_ Display%%!00 00 no0?g C%!YQ H   "5 > "1 0< G ;ob1GE@ %F `Z`8Arial`P_`o/K f C R"77 4/0@Does the object being regulated involve a "commercial activity"?@?@dOP_  Terminal%>!f^`?ؔ@@ȶ?ڢ@??ؔ@@ȶ?ڢ@?!`rk*"`  ! ??+#`>   $`c C " L/0:Gregory v. Ashcroft ?@dOP_ %!vn` Zd?x@`?@? Zd?x@`?@?!`5"`  ! ??+#`>   $`b C $" 4/0b)Only the states can regulate this subject)?@dOP_ %!:2`&?d@`?ܡ@?&?d@`?ܡ@?!`0(["`  ! ??+#`>   $` C "] 4/0& Can't tell  ?@dOP_ %[!00 0(0G3J~50?_ C%!00 0(0!:+!.0?\ C%! H   "5  ~5d "1 0< G ;ob1GE@ %F `Z`8Arial`P_`o/K Z C " $/0`(Private parties must comply with the law(?@dOP_  Terminal%d! H   "5 ^5S: "1 0< G ;ob1GE@ > F `Z`8Arial`P_`o/K X C "p $/0DState law may be PREEMPTED?@dOP_  Subroutine%S:!d\ H   "5 /'  "1 0< G ;ob1GE@ %(F `Z`8Arial`P_`o/K R C V"H T /0t2The law (usually) exceeds Congress' commerce power2?@dOP_ Rounded Process% !vn H   "5  / "1 0< G ;ob1GE@ C PF `Z`8Arial`P_`o/K O C H"vVV L /0\"The federal law is constitutional"?@,ddOP_ Alternate Process%!00 0(0*/0?N C %!jb`?h@`?@??h@`?@?!`j,"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C " 4/0V#Yes, states are subject to the law #?@dOP_ %! H   "5 /K "1 0< G ;ob1GE@ > F `Z`8Arial`P_`o/K M C " $/0HConsider the TENTH AMENDMENT?@dOP_  Subroutine%K!@8 H   "5 /'  "1 0< G ;ob1GE@ %F `Z`8Arial`P_`o/K L C 2"H ,/0x4Does the federal law regulate the states themselves?4?@dOP_ Rounded Process% !  H   "5 V 4 "1 0< G  ;ob1GE@ F `Z`8Arial`P_`o/K G C "R66 L&'/0:THE COMMERCE CLAUSE?@dOP_ Process%! H   5  1 0< G FA'I*Go{/pmeF `Z`8Arial`P_`o/K C C ";XX </0LSTATE laws regulating commerce?@dOP_ Alternate Process%!00 00-  0?B C %!JB`= ?Є@j?@?= ?Є@j?@?!` *"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C ", 4/06Note the difference?@dOP_ %*!`X H   "5 !,@ "1 0< G  ;ob1GE@ %XF `Z`8Arial`P_`o/K " C R" l  /04The consequence of a negative answer to these questions is to enhance state power at the expense of the federal government STATIST VISION{ | ?@>dddOP_ Rounded Process%,@! H   "5  @ "1 0< G  ;ob1GED   Q ! ??+@ %QF `Z`8Arial`P_`o/K ! C N"\ l /00The consequence of an affirmative answer to these questions is to enhance federal power at the expense of the states NATIONALIST VISION u v ?@>dddOP_ Rounded Process%@!00 00 _ 0? C%!00 00  0? C %!`X` ?$@?@? ?$@?@?!`w "`  ! ??+#`>   $` C "y  $/0\&Examine the object governed by the law&?@dOP_ %w !xp H   "5  "1 0< G  ;ob1GE@ %F `Z`8Arial`P_`o/K  C j"@@ L/0l.Is it "interstate"? [foreign, tribal] or local.?@>dddOP_ Rounded Process%! H   "5 * "1 0< G ;ob1GE@ %F `Z`8Arial`P_`o/K  C " </0.Is it commerce??@dOP_ Rounded Process%*!^V H   "5  C "1 0< G ;ob1GE@ %(F `Z`8Arial`P_`o/K  C P"$$ D/0~7FEDERAL law pur-porting to regulate interstate commerce7?@dOP_ Rounded Process%C!|`T?@@@z?@?T?@@@z?@?!`08 "`  ! ??+#`>   $` C 2  </0h,If there is also a state law on the subject ,?@dOP_ % !=5 H   "5 c$, "1 0< G ;ob1GE@ F `Z`8Arial`P_`o/K  C <"4 | /02economic activity ?@dOP_ Process%!d\`@O?@`?@?@O?@`?@?!` r,"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C " 4/0P No, it regulates private parties ?@dOP_ %!PH H   "5 I/'  "1 0< G ;ob1GE@ %(F `Z`8Arial`P_`o/K  C B"H </0x4The law is (usually) within Congress' commerce power4?@dOP_ Rounded Process% !`h?@?t@?h?@?t@?!`{"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C <" D/0X$Strictly construed (Dual Federalism)$?@,ddOP_ %!ph``ff?@?t@?`ff?@?t@?!` '"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C ") ,/0R!Broadly Construed (Post New-Deal)!?@,ddOP_ %'!H@`/?@l?@?/?@l?@?!` @("`  ! ??+#`>   $` C " 4 /0" but ask  ?@,ddOP_ %!TL`K?@`㥫?@?K?@`㥫?@?!`3c"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C "e < $/08Note the similarity ?@dOP_ %c!`t?H@(?f@?t?H@(?f@?!` f)6"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C  /0 ?@dOP_ %6!`~?@j?@?~?@j?@?!`i"m"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C :"mm L /0NCompeting Visions of Federalism?@,ddOP_ %m!NF`(?d@`㥻?\@?(?d@`㥻?\@?!`Qf"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C " 4 /0( current test ?@,ddOP_ %!<4``?o@@?@?`?o@@?@?!` "`  ! ??+#`>   $` C " ,/00Historic inquiry?@dOP_ %!rj`x?@?2@?x?@?2@?!`"Q"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C   <@@/0DProf. Manheim Spring, 2005?@,ddOP_ %!VN`@z?,@ ?&@?@z?,@ ?&@?!`?2@ "`  ! ??+#`>   $` C  <@@@@@@/0:Constitutional Law I ?@dOP_ %@ !JB`?x@ X9?L@??x@ X9?L@?!`Ud"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C dd </0.not dispositive?@dOP_ %d!`?|@?5?P@??|@?5?P@?!` Z"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C d /0Uwithout one of these, S.Ct. will decide sufficiency of nexus with interstate commerceU?@dOP_ %!80`@33? \@@?@?@33? \@@?@?!`!GF"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C "H ,/0,US v. Morrison?@dOP_ %F!6.`?@"۹?r@??@"۹?r@?!` T"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C  </0The Congress shall have Power ... To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes?@dOP_ %!00 00#+# 0? C%!,$ H   "5  "1 0< G ;ob1GE@ %F `Z`8Arial`P_`o/K  C "cc T /0<Is it being regulated??@dOP_ Rounded Process%!00 000? C%![S H   "5 > "1 0< G ;ob1GE@ %F `Z`8Arial`P_`o/K  C T" L/0z5Some cases suggested prohibition was not "regulation"5?@dOP_  Terminal%>!00 00 110? C%!`@|?`@`㥫?X@?@|?`@`㥫?X@?!`m+"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C  /0?@OP_ %!`@|?`@`㥫?X@?@|?`@`㥫?X@?!`m+"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C  /0?@OP_ %!`@|?`@`㥫?X@?@|?`@`㥫?X@?!`m+"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C  /0?@OP_ %!\T H   "5 \  "1 0< G  ;ob1GE@ > F `Z`8Arial`P_`o/K  C :"  L( /0`(See flowchart on Dorment Commerce Clause(?@dOP_  Subroutine%!00 00G  0? C%!DD`j?1@@z?@?j?1@@z?@?!`K8 "`HB H??? 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[[ PS?8?VX ifI78enu] tjshkt1.ZWfX Y`N 2 [\VT*(|r f2=Pٿղ$$i Odg!*ZHmo2>X jmϻԈK \ZTYYN=ܴgf93w»S_ L ROQ \a@E Qi[jhT ]ڴɸ΅!/N5)sq1/l`qʓ je O5&lL[dfiB <f i]l =UcNno R/,6NBbrScum_`[n%,p P*o$d Vd j݁fg *4@_giVbE JamGT| _ ]YXjf PI YHN)/\ &Rf m ?.3cXg(]fOشƅ鈍',F2C AH^W@KPK}GQM! F鳻".@ROy+"_JNMu B BF@zL  =4y PA!? A=/RKgN Q lY@IC<S *ir F P}{6XH=b_HE\XKƹdi T^vcdc A2㓡QZGKdʥ "8v!Źѻ''M EMIKy dg} L Zogkf RM˿ѿA :XJc| > JqiE7i<.`st:b`05|PX b:GC- nUɼނ C I S Q C*.c8ByI2-S;6\#G8 NYcusZc>;r DYH=AS#A:@ N \*lvv 7-J 3^a)+Q(!_]onD\FMMe@/ Y ;aB.SX/<:+4?eb@, z F#T4j kffQ59x; R K+i I[$ dǺsj R#JKT i T;SVF UOy<;.%oHmfVB.K4WE XUBBdnod oywVU\DC< na`X6.c?3qW` h_FHmD4j^ j\ fC6y,'T"k\P;,{@*ejkBEKxchmg H>C6 OE#a!b]D{ G 4] Q V\!"C"dR7 T L{ D<䮴κƱýڮհޫٵű+#`>   $` C   /0?@OP_ % !T BCZ0޶ b!E; E; 1 H1 HB1 HCB1 HLN1 HMN1 HO_1 HZ_1 Hg1 Hfg1 Hm1 Hlm1 Hq1 H1 H" H HLP HOP Hl Hk HL H" H Hh Hq Hh Hj H HL HX H" HR H! H HM H! H" HhVFddVFd VFXXVFP``VFB``VFNbbVFz(VFcDpVFf۾۾G۾(9R\(Wޖ[\(Wޖuupf(l(l(?"(?RDpZrp"1(I{@0pBm#Arial ArialX%``8Arial` P1_`o('-N)BBBasic DiagramsBB;ob1GEB*W W ) )0@@ @ @ @ ! ??+@@  ;ob1GE "  Process L#2   8   {5@ iShape   Process       3 / # )0@@ @ @ @ ! ??+@@  ;ob1GE "  Process LV2   8       Process      / / )8 ! ??+ ;ob1GE "  Preparation Lv>2 c}| }]`c  8       Preparation      / { )?jAruVj? ! ??+ ;ob1GE "  Display L2 ==NNOO  8       Display      /     ! ??+ ;ob1GE "  Terminal L2 %%SS  8       Terminal       3 / { )?jAruVj? ! ??+ ;ob1GE "  Display L 2 ==NNOO  8       Display      /     ! ??+ ;ob1GE "  Terminal L2 ((SS  8       Terminal      /     ! ??+ ;ob1GE "  Terminal L2 %%RR  8       Terminal      / & t)(8>'8>LB>E+3  d)dd8>'8>LB>E+Y Y  d)8>'8>LB>E+  +3   ;ob1GE "  Subroutine Lal2   8       Subroutine      /     ! ??+ ;ob1GE "  Rounded Process L 2 888/  8       Rounded Process      /     ! ??+ ;ob1GE "  Alternate Process L2 ''**  8       Alternate Process      / & t)(z>HM>Dp*E+W o d)ddz>HM>Dp*E+{ {o  d)z>HM>Dp*E+ o +W o  ;ob1GE "  Subroutine L_m2   8       Subroutine      /     ! ??+ ;ob1GE "  Rounded Process L 2 888/  8       Rounded Process      /  )( ! ??+  ;ob1GE "  Process L2   8       Process      / , t)(E>>G/>cDC+Ytd)ddE>>G/>cDC+t d)E>>G/>cDC+++t+Yt  ;ob1GE "  Subroutine L`m2   8    iShape   Subroutine      /    X ! ??+  ;ob1GE "  Rounded Process L 2 858*1  8       Rounded Process      /    Q ! ??+  ;ob1GE "  Rounded Process L 2 787*  8       Rounded Process      /     ! ??+  ;ob1GE "  Rounded Process L 2 979,  8       Rounded Process      /     ! ??+ ;ob1GE "  Rounded Process L2 979,  8       Rounded Process      /     ! ??+ ;ob1GE "  Rounded Process L 2 888-  8       Rounded Process      / # )0@@ @ @ @ ! ??+@@  ;ob1GE "  Process L2   8       Process      / & t)(E>>G/>DC+n9td)ddE>>G/>DC+t d)E>>G/>DC+  t+n9t ;ob1GE "  Subroutine L`m2   8       Subroutine      /     ! ??+ ;ob1GE "  Rounded Process L2 979,  8       Rounded Process      /     ! ??+ ;ob1GE "  Terminal L2 %%SS  8       Terminal      / e  L N!Y)` $Q''.@&@/%I~$L$$I#IVBA Project Data" 7Host Project Items&2:Host Project Item Names0 `Z_`Z_VBA Project Signature, 1 Project_Data_CurVer( E Host Project Item List Data8DThisShapeClass`Z_`Z_VBAZ_Z_-11D1-8E76-008013054288}+VC:\Docs\LOYOLA\CL1\ABC\Commerce1.igx:iShape҅ID="{A3482773-6309-11D8-9431-000347001245}" Document=ThisShapeClass/&H00000000 Name="ShapeProject_Process" HelpContextID="0" VersionCompatible32="393222000" CMG="C3C1F938B83CB83CB83CB83C" DPB="8684BC7DBC837E847E847E" GC="494B73847484747B" [Host Extender Info] &H00000001={3832D640-CF90-11CF-8E43-00A0C911005A}PROJECTwmC/PROJECT;ThisShapeClassW__SRP_2;VBE;&H00000000 &H00000002={6DD8194E-EAB6-11D1-9ED9-00C04FA33B70};APC\IGrafx;&H00000000 [Workspace] ThisShapeClass=0, 0, 0, 0, C ThisShapeClassThisShapeClass6@,JrU~~~y __SRP_3i_VBA_PROJECTq dire__SRP_0J__SRP_1GProject Item Data$F Control List Data$`Z_`Z_ReqControl List Data*`Z_`Z_ReqControl List Data* Control_Data_CurVer( 00000000 `Z_`Z_Control List Data$(  A  !i Shape  (eK*mrU~~~~~~~~~f g'H c1GE  e  9)!  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C %! 0000 00s34p40? C %! 0000 00$;%4&%4&%/'0? C%! 0000 00$B%8&!8&!/'0? C%!00 00  760? C%!00 00 4)4)0? C %!0000 00HZHx/x0? C%!0000 00HZH[/[0? C%!0000 0 0o#o#m0? C%!00 00!L!,0? C%!00 0 0f>h0? C%!0000 00$h h!0? C %!00 00Z3)>+):%/0? C %!0000 00$X#X#Z/Z0? C %!00 0(0:+W/0?P C %!0000 00!LZLZ,0? C%! 0000 00$!m!L$&L$&,0? C%!)! H   "5 l, "1 0< G ;ob1GE@ F `Z`8Arial`P_`o/K  C ("| \ /0>congressional findings  ?@dOP_ Process%!{ H   "B L25 , "1 0< G ;ob1GE@ F `Z`8Arial`P_`o/K  C ."E d /0<jurisdictional element ?@dOP_ Process%!91 H   "5 . ( "1 0< G ;ob1GE@ PF `Z`8Arial`P_`o/K [ C 4"CC t   /02The federal law is unconstitutional because it exceeds Congress' enumerated powers, thereby invading the reserved power of the states # $?@dOP_  Preparation% (! 0000 00h 0? C %!h``@?@? @?@?@? @?!` \ "`  ! ??+#`>   $`{ C "^  ,/0\"Modern inquiry (Lopez categories)"?@dOP_ %\ ! H   "5 /I% "1 0< G ;ob1GE@ F `Z`8Arial`P_`o/K q C " 4 /0J Substantial relation to IC?@,ddOP_ Display%%!00 00 XY0?m C%!{ H   "5 >i "1 0< G ;ob1GE@ %F `Z`8Arial`P_`o/K l C |" D/0DIs the object/activity "in" or does it "affect" interstate comerce?D?@,ddOP_  Terminal%>i!  H   "5 /H% "1 0< G ;ob1GE@ F `Z`8Arial`P_`o/K k C  " ,/0@Instrumentalities of IC?@,ddOP_ Display%%! H   "5 /f% "1 0< G ;ob1GE@ F `Z`8Arial`P_`o/K j C " $/0,Channels of IC?@dOP_ Display%%!00 00 no0?g C%!YQ H   "5 > "1 0< G ;ob1GE@ %F `Z`8Arial`P_`o/K f C R"77 4/0@Does the object being regulated involve a "commercial activity"?@?@dOP_  Terminal%>!f^`?ؔ@@ȶ?ڢ@??ؔ@@ȶ?ڢ@?!`rk*"`  ! ??+#`>   $`c C " L/0:Gregory v. Ashcroft ?@dOP_ %!vn` Zd?x@`?@? Zd?x@`?@?!`%7"`  ! ??+#`>   $`b C $" 4/0b)Only the states can regulate this subject)?@dOP_ %!:2`&?d@`?ܡ@?&?d@`?ܡ@?!`0(["`  ! ??+#`>   $` C "] 4/0& Can't tell  ?@dOP_ %[!00 0(0I3J~50?_ C%!00 00!:+!.0?\ C%! H   "5  ~5d "1 0< G ;ob1GE@ %F `Z`8Arial`P_`o/K Z C " $/0`(Private parties must comply with the       !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnoprstuvwxyz{|}~law(?@dOP_  Terminal%d! H   "5 ^5S: "1 0< G ;ob1GE@ F `Z`8Arial`P_`o/K X C "p $/0LThe state law may be preempted?@dOP_  Subroutine%S:!d\ H   "5 /'  "1 0< G ;ob1GE@ %(F `Z`8Arial`P_`o/K R C V"H T /0t2The law (usually) exceeds Congress' commerce power2?@dOP_ Rounded Process% !4, H   "5 8 /B "1 0< G ;ob1GE@ %PF `Z`8Arial`P_`o/K O C $"VV L /0JThe law is constitutional ?@dOP_ Alternate Process%B!00 0(0*/0?N C %!jb`?h@`?@??h@`?@?!`j,"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C " 4/0V#Yes, states are subject to the law #?@dOP_ %! H   "5 /K "1 0< G ;ob1GE@ F `Z`8Arial`P_`o/K M C " $/0HConsider the Tenth Amendment?@dOP_  Subroutine%K!@8 H   "5 /'  "1 0< G ;ob1GE@ %F `Z`8Arial`P_`o/K L C 2"H ,/0x4Does the federal law regulate the states themselves?4?@dOP_ Rounded Process% !  H   "5 V 4 "1 0< G  ;ob1GE@ F `Z`8Arial`P_`o/K G C "R66 L&'/0:THE COMMERCE CLAUSE?@dOP_ Process%! H   5  1 0< G FA'I*Go{/pmeF `Z`8Arial`P_`o/K C C ";XX </0LSTATE laws regulating commerce?@dOP_ Alternate Process%!00 00-  0?B C %!JB`= ?Є@j?@?= ?Є@j?@?!` *"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C ", 4/06Note the difference?@dOP_ %*!`X H   "5 !,@ "1 0< G  ;ob1GE@ %XF `Z`8Arial`P_`o/K " C R" l  /04The consequence of a negative answer to these questions is to enhance state power at the expense of the federal government STATIST VISION{ | ?@>dddOP_ Rounded Process%,@! H   "5  @ "1 0< G  ;ob1GED   Q ! ??+@ %QF `Z`8Arial`P_`o/K ! C N"\ l /00The consequence of an affirmative answer to these questions is to enhance federal power at the expense of the states NATIONALIST VISION u v ?@>dddOP_ Rounded Process%@!00 00 _ 0? C%!00 00  0? C %!`X` ?$@?@? ?$@?@?!`w "`  ! ??+#`>   $` C "y  $/0\&Examine the object governed by the law&?@dOP_ %w !xp H   "5  "1 0< G  ;ob1GE@ %F `Z`8Arial`P_`o/K  C j"@@ L/0l.Is it "interstate"? [foreign, tribal] or local.?@>dddOP_ Rounded Process%! H   "5 * "1 0< G ;ob1GE@ %F `Z`8Arial`P_`o/K  C " </0.Is it commerce??@dOP_ Rounded Process%*!^V H   "5  C "1 0< G ;ob1GE@ %(F `Z`8Arial`P_`o/K  C P"$$ D/0~7FEDERAL law pur-porting to regulate interstate commerce7?@dOP_ Rounded Process%C!|`T?@@@z?@?T?@@@z?@?!`08 "`  ! ??+#`>   $` C 2  </0h,If there is also a state law on the subject ,?@dOP_ % !=5 H   "5 c$, "1 0< G ;ob1GE@ F `Z`8Arial`P_`o/K  C <"4 | /02economic activity ?@dOP_ Process%!d\`@O?@`?@?@O?@`?@?!` r,"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C " 4/0P No, it regulates private parties ?@dOP_ %!PH H   "5 I/'  "1 0< G ;ob1GE@ %(F `Z`8Arial`P_`o/K  C B"H </0x4The law is (usually) within Congress' commerce power4?@dOP_ Rounded Process% !`h?@?t@?h?@?t@?!`{"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C <" D/0X$Strictly construed (Dual Federalism)$?@,ddOP_ %!ph``ff?@?t@?`ff?@?t@?!` '"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C ") ,/0R!Broadly Construed (Post New-Deal)!?@,ddOP_ %'!H@`/?@l?@?/?@l?@?!` @("`  ! ??+#`>   $` C " 4 /0" but ask  ?@,ddOP_ %!TL`K?@`㥫?@?K?@`㥫?@?!`3c"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C "e < $/08Note the similarity ?@dOP_ %c!`t?H@(?f@?t?H@(?f@?!` f)6"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C  /0 ?@dOP_ %6!`~?@j?@?~?@j?@?!`i"m"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C :"mm L /0NCompeting Visions of Federalism?@,ddOP_ %m!NF`(?d@`㥻?\@?(?d@`㥻?\@?!`Qf"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C " 4 /0( current test ?@,ddOP_ %!<4``?o@@?@?`?o@@?@?!` "`  ! ??+#`>   $` C " ,/00Historic inquiry?@dOP_ %!rj`x?@?2@?x?@?2@?!`"Q"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C   <@@/0DProf. Manheim Spring, 2005?@,ddOP_ %!VN`@z?,@ ?&@?@z?,@ ?&@?!`?2@ "`  ! ??+#`>   $` C  <@@@@@@/0:Constitutional Law I ?@dOP_ %@ !JB`?x@ X9?L@??x@ X9?L@?!`Ud"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C dd </0.not dispositive?@dOP_ %d!`?|@?5?P@??|@?5?P@?!` Z"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C d /0Uwithout one of these, S.Ct. will decide sufficiency of nexus with interstate commerceU?@dOP_ %!80`@33? \@@?@?@33? \@@?@?!`!GF"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C "H ,/0,US v. Morrison?@dOP_ %F!6.`?@"۹?r@??@"۹?r@?!` T"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C  </0The Congress shall have Power ... To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes?@dOP_ %!00 00#+# 0? C%!,$ H   "5  "1 0< G ;ob1GE@ %F `Z`8Arial`P_`o/K  C "cc T /0<Is it being regulated??@dOP_ Rounded Process%!00 000? C%![S H   "5 > "1 0< G ;ob1GE@ %F `Z`8Arial`P_`o/K  C T" L/0z5Some cases suggested prohibition was not "regulation"5?@dOP_  Terminal%>!00 00 110? C%!`@|?`@`㥫?X@?@|?`@`㥫?X@?!`m+"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C  /0?@OP_ %!`@|?`@`㥫?X@?@|?`@`㥫?X@?!`m+"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C  /0?@OP_ %!`@|?`@`㥫?X@?@|?`@`㥫?X@?!`m+"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C  /0?@OP_ %!>6 H   "5 \  "1 0< G  ;ob1GE@ F `Z`8Arial`P_`o/K  C :"  L( /0`(See flowchart on Dorment Commerce Clause(?@dOP_  Subroutine%!00 00G  0? C%!DD`j?1@@z?@?j?1@@z?@?!`K8 "`HB H??? 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[[ PS?8?VX ifI78enu] tjshkt1.ZWfX Y`N 2 [\VT*(|r f2=Pٿղ$$i Odg!*ZHmo2>X jmϻԈK \ZTYYN=ܴgf93w»S_ L ROQ \a@E Qi[jhT ]ڴɸ΅!/N5)sq1/l`qʓ je O5&lL[dfiB <f i]l =UcNno R/,6NBbrScum_`[n%,p P*o$d Vd j݁fg *4@_giVbE JamGT| _ ]YXjf PI YHN)/\ &Rf m ?.3cXg(]fOشƅ鈍',F2C AH^W@KPK}GQM! F鳻".@ROy+"_JNMu B BF@zL  =4y PA!? A=/RKgN Q lY@IC<S *ir F P}{6XH=b_HE\XKƹdi T^vcdc A2㓡QZGKdʥ "8v!Źѻ''M EMIKy dg} L Zogkf RM˿ѿA :XJc| > JqiE7i<.`st:b`05|PX b:GC- nUɼނ C I S Q C*.c8ByI2-S;6\#G8 NYcusZc>;r DYH=AS#A:@ N \*lvv 7-J 3^a)+Q(!_]onD\FMMe@/ Y ;aB.SX/<:+4?eb@, z F#T4j kffQ59x; R K+i I[$ dǺsj R#JKT i T;SVF UOy<;.%oHmfVB.K4WE XUBBdnod oywVU\DC< na`X6.c?3qW` h_FHmD4j^ j\ fC6y,'T"k\P;,{@*ejkBEKxchmg H>C6 OE#a!b]D{ G 4] Q V\!"C"dR7 T L{ D<䮴κƱýڮհޫٵű+#`>   $` C   /0?@OP_ % !T BCZ0޶ b!E; E; 1 H1 HB1 HCB1 HLN1 HMN1 HO_1 HZ_1 Hg1 Hfg1 Hm1 Hlm1 Hq1 H1 H" H HLP HOP Hl Hk HL H" H Hh Hq Hh Hj H HL HX H" HR H! H HM H! H" HhVFddVFd VFXXVFP``VFB``VFNbbVFz(VFcDpVFf۾۾G۾(9R\(Wޖ[\(Wޖuupf(l(l(?"(?RDpZrp"1(I{@0pBm#Arial ArialX%``8Arial` P1_`o('-N)B!Y)` $Q''.@&@/%I~$L$$I#IBBasic DiagramsBB;ob1GEB*W W ) )0@@ @ @ @ ! ??+@@  ;ob1GE "  Process L#2   8   {5@ iShape   Process       3 / # )0@@ @ @ @ ! ??+@@  ;ob1GE "  Process LV2   8       Process      / / )8 ! ??+ ;ob1GE "  Preparation Lv>2 c}| }]`c  8       Preparation      / { )?jAruVj? ! ??+ ;ob1GE "  Display L2 ==NNOO  8       Display      /     ! ??+ ;ob1GE "  Terminal L2 %%SS  8       Terminal       3 / { )?jAruVj? ! ??+ ;ob1GE "  Display L 2 ==NNOO  8       Display      /     ! ??+ ;ob1GE "  Terminal L2 ((SS  8       Terminal      /     ! ??+ ;ob1GE "  Terminal L2 %%RR  8       Terminal      / & t)(8>'8>LB>E+3  d)dd8>'8>LB>E+Y Y  d)8>'8>LB>E+  +3   ;ob1GE "  Subroutine Lal2   8       Subroutine      /     ! ??+ ;ob1GE "  Rounded Process L 2 888/  8       Rounded Process      /     ! ??+ ;ob1GE "  Alternate Process L2 ''**  8       Alternate Process      / & t)(z>HM>Dp*E+W o d)ddz>HM>Dp*E+{ {o  d)z>HM>Dp*E+ o +W o  ;ob1GE "  Subroutine L_m2   8       Subroutine      /     ! ??+ ;ob1GE "  Rounded Process L 2 888/  8       Rounded Process      / F #F #e"$:}>S5>%Wĩ4+F #e"'|)0^%"%W$ ^%:}>S5>%Wĩ4+ W$%|)0}%"}%-$6 6}%:}>S5>%Wĩ4+ 6-$}%|)0 !! !:}>S5>%Wĩ4+!|)0X #"##X :}>S5>%Wĩ4+## *D+#$+#!!$!+#+#$:}>S5>%Wĩ4+!+#;\  (#P:}>S5>%Wĩ4+ (#Pt)(:}>S5>%Wĩ4+t)(:VV[:[:}>S5>%Wĩ4+:V[ *D:Z:ZZ:}>S5>%Wĩ4+Z1t)(?AA?:}>S5>%Wĩ4+?A t)(]uu]:}>S5>%Wĩ4+]u+8 VGOŒ `  television L2 $  8       television       3 / & t)(:[@S5>%Wĩ4FLOB'BB,BBϕd@B$\9@B(HArial Arial Narrow Arial Narrow Arial NarrowArialArial Arial Narrow Arial  $?+B*BSFd-B2BB VGOŒ `  television L2 $  8       television       3 Arial Narrow Arial  Arial Narrow ArialArial ArialArialxArialArialArialArial Arial Narrow Times New Roman$ Arial Narrow%Times New Roman &Arialx'Arialx( Arial NarrowB  BVTimes New Roman dh(   B&` Text Style 1 Arial NarrowI Shape Style 1 9 Line Style 1  B BB B B B(   (B   "B>   .B   /B   BBTimes New Roman B8Arial B8Arial!B8Arial1B8Arial4B8Arial7B 8B8ArialB:A2B2Note1BT,XX{@#ThisShapeClass*{#5{$L{1985F543-06CD-11D2-9EED-00C04FA33B70}7{P% L{489C2802-E1A2-11D1-8E76-008013054288}9{&";{&$={`'&&L{489C2802-E1A2 )( ! ??+  ;ob1GE "  Process L2   8       Process      / , t)(E>>G/>cDC+Ytd)ddE>>G/>cDC+t d)E>>G/>cDC+++t+Yt  ;ob1GE "  Subroutine L`m2   8    iShape   Subroutine      /    X ! ??+  ;ob1GE "  Rounded Process L 2 858*1  8       Rounded Process      /    Q ! ??+  ;ob1GE "  Rounded Process L 2 787*  8       Rounded Process      /     ! ??+  ;ob1GE "  Rounded Process L 2 979,  8       Rounded Process      /     ! ??+ ;ob1GE "  Rounded Process L2 979,  8       Rounded Process      /     ! ??+ ;ob1GE "  Rounded Process L 2 888-  8       Rounded Process      / # )0@@ @ @ @ ! ??+@@  ;ob1GE "  Process L2   8       Process      / & t)(E>>G/>DC+n9td)ddE>>G/>DC+t d)E>>G/>DC+  t+n9t ;ob1GE "  Subroutine L`m2   8       Subroutine      /     ! ??+ ;ob1GE "  Rounded Process L2 979,  8       Rounded Process      /     ! ??+ ;ob1GE "  Terminal L2 %%SS  8       Terminal      / e  L N!Y)` $Q''.@&@/%I~$L$$I#I#I#$:}>S5>%Wĩ4+#L')H$x'''###$:}>S5>%Wĩ4+#')X "$"'R '4 @&" % Z$ $$ # #"$:}>S5>%Wĩ4+ #"')He"$!'p 'p 'F #F #F #e"$:}>S5>%Wĩ4+F #e"'|)0^%"%W$ ^%:}>S5>%Wĩ4+ W$%|)0}%"}%-$6 6}%:}>S5>%Wĩ4+ 6-$}%|)0 !! !:}>S5>%Wĩ4+!|)0X #"##X :}>S5>%Wĩ4+## *D+#$+#!!$!+#+#$:}>S5>%Wĩ4+!+#;\  (#P:}>S5>%Wĩ4+ (#Pt)(:}>S5>%Wĩ4+t)(:VV[:[:}>S5>%Wĩ4+:V[ *D:Z:ZZ:}>S5>%Wĩ4+Z1t)(?AA?:}>S5>%Wĩ4+?A t)(]uu]:}>S5>%Wĩ4+]u+8 VGOŒ `  television L2 $  8       television       3 / & t)(:[@   .B   /B   BBTimes New Roman B8Arial B8Arial!B8Arial1B8Arial4B8Arial7B 8B8ArialB:A2B2Note1BT,XX{@#ThisShapeClass*{#5{$L{1985F543-06CD-11D2-9EED-00C04FA33B70}7{P% L{489C2802-E1A2-11D1-8E76-008013054288}9{&";{&$={`'&&L{489C2802-E1A2