ࡱ> }$Root Entry~>O/ Contents6 DocComponentsInfo$DiagClass0%Am~Root Entry~>O2q Contents6 DocComponentsInfo$DiagClass0Am  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|  !"#$%&'()*+,-./01Diagram1i !"#<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnoprstuvwBYJustic- /=`@?x /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_'&{00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000}2! ,Layer 100 00V 0? C%! 0000 00$U UI0? C%! 0000 00$[ [% % I0? C%! 0000 00$m!m"c"c$0? C%! 0000 00$!""$0? C%! 0000 00$"4"""0? C%! 0000 00$%4%&&0? C%! 0000 00$q4q0? C%!0000 00]4]0? C%!00 00m 0? C%!`@ ?@`?>@?@ ?@`?>@?!` "`  ! ??+#`>   $` C 8  T $/0DProf. Manheim Spring, 2005?@,ddOP_ % !`? ǥ6? -@ tc@X? z36@??j-@=`X? 5@?aql!`D_ "`  ! ??+#`>   $` C Z  #/08Constitutional Law I?@dOP_ % ! H )  "5   "1 0< G 9P1GE@ F /K  C " d %*+,/0FTHE JUSTICIABILITY DOCTRINES (Barriers to Constitutional Adjudication)  F?@,ddOP_ Process%! H '  "5 T,  "1 0< G 9P1GE@ \F /K  C "; L'/06Voluntary cessation?@dOP_ Rounded Process% ! H &  5 ?  1 0< G Dn.DKv [@ > F /K  C 2" D/0NAvoidance of needless friction?@,ddOP_ Process%!00 00   !0?i C%!00 005 5!0?h C%! H   "5 !) "1 0< G 9P1GE@ C @aF /K g C " L@/0<Declaratory judgments??@dOP_ Rounded Process%!ph H   "5 X  "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %JF /K b C " </00Prudential rules?@dOP_ Rounded Process%! H   "5 h$8 "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %ZF /K ` C &" </0\&Discretion-ary grant or denial of cert&?@dOP_ Rounded Process%8! H   "5 $!ic "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %gF /K ] C L"hh </0p,Judicial Restraint (principles of avoidance),?@,ddOP_ Rounded Process%c! H   "5 _  "1 0< G 9P1GE@ C F /K [ C  " </0@Adequate & Ind. Doctrine?@dOP_ Rounded Process% !`G?7@@`?`@?G?7@@`?`@?!`hbV"`  ! ??+#`>   $`S C `!dVV D/0?Limits on jurisdiction reflect both SoP and federalism concerns??@dOP_ %bV!00 0(0 I0?O C%!~v H   "5 V I "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %wF /K ? C "1gg 4/0FSubject Matter Jurisdiction?@dOP_ Rounded Process%! H   "5 I "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %wF /K > C "1gg 4/0Z%Theories of Interpretation and Review%?@dOP_ Rounded Process%! H   "5 $ "1 0< G 9P1GE@ C gF /K " C " D/08Separation of powers?@,ddOP_ Rounded Process%!nf H   "5  * "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %F /K  C " </0.Redress ability?@dOP_ Rounded Process%*!tl H   "5 H* "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %F /K  C " D/0,Adver-sariness?@dOP_ Rounded Process%*!`X H   "5 * "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %F /K  C " </0 Finality?@dOP_ Rounded Process%*! H   "5 [& "1 0< G 9P1GE@ C UF /K  C 0"VV D/0^'Lack of judicially manageable standards'?@dOP_ Rounded Process%&! H   "5 & "1 0< G 9P1GE@ C QF /K  C ."VV D/0\&Textual commitment to political branch&?@dOP_ Rounded Process%&!qi H   "5 = i "1 0< G 9P1GE@ > gF /K  C "ugg 4/0 Mootness?@dOP_ Rounded Process%c!{ H   "5 i "1 0< G 9P1GE@ > gF /K  C "ugg 4/02Advisory Opinions?@dOP_ Rounded Process%c! H   "5 {i "1 0< G 9P1GE@ C gF /K  C "ugg 4/04Political Question?@dOP_ Rounded Process%c! H   "5 i "1 0< G 9P1GE@ C gF /K  C "ugg L!/0 Standing?@dOP_ Rounded Process%c!vn H   "5 I "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %wF /K  C "1gg </06Case or Controversy?@dOP_ Rounded Process%! H   "5   3 "1 0< G 9P1GE@ (F /K  C X" D$/07Article III and structural factors (SoP and Federalism)#7?@dOP_  Subroutine% 3!6.``I?P@`9?G@?`I?P@`9?G@?!`g"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C $gg L/0 }Different theories of interpretation and standards of review (e.g., strict scrutiny) also reflect SoP and federalism concerns}?@dOP_ %g!z`@ ?@ η?P@?@ ?@ η?P@?!`4$&v"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C 0x L/0V#Congress may re-quire S.Ct. review #?@dOP_ %v! H   "5 "$ "1 0< G 9P1GE@ H JF /K  C $" </0He.g., defer const questions?@,ddOP_ Rounded Process%! 0000 00$"!""H#"H#$0? C%! 0000 00$&!&"%"%$0? C%!tl`?,@@z?P@??,@@z?P@?!`r&Ek"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C "Gkk 4/0`(Congress may over-ride prudential rules (?@dOP_ %Ek! 0000 00$ & F$C!F$C!!0? C%! 0000 00$(&(($'($'!0? C%! H ,   B L25 % "1 0< G 9P1GE@ F ``8Arial` P1_`o/K  C v"4BB ,&/0VSupreme Court cannot take case merely to correct error; must be able to affect outcomeV?@dOP_ Rounded Process@%8! 0000 00$c c""%0? C%! H ,   B L25 3%t "1 0< G 9P1GE@ F ``8Arial` P1_`o/K  C N" BB ,&/0BJudgments must be final; not subject to revision by other branchesB?@dOP_ Rounded Process@%t! 0000 00$ $l$l%0? C%!qi H   "5 i "1 0< G 9P1GE@ > gF /K  C "ugg 4/0 Ripeness?@dOP_ Rounded Process%c! 0000 0(0$+i+ii0? C%!0000 0(0++i0? C%!00 0(03 ++ i0? C%!00 0(0+i0? C%!00 0(0+i0? C%!d\`n?Ȋ@Q?@?n?Ȋ@Q?@?!`; "`  ! (??+#`>   $`_ C ""  D /0@Justiciability Doctrines?@dOP_ % !0000 00iHT$HT$i0? C%! 0000 00$8cc0? C%!0000 00  0? C%! 0000 00$+ 8+   0? C%!0000 00+   0? C%! 0000 00$8..0? C%!00 00WX0? C%! H   "5  ! "1 0< G 9P1GE@ C aF /K  C ("R D/0V#Case must remain live at all stages#?@dOP_ Rounded Process%!00 00` ` !0? C%! H '  "5 A T,6  "1 0< G 9P1GE@ \F /K  C :" L'/0`(Capable of repetition yet evading review(?@dOP_ Rounded Process%6 !00 00 0? C%! 0000 00$` #` ++T,0? C%!0000 00` ++T,0? C%!@8``?@@?@?`?@@?@?!` *d"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C f </0$ Exceptions ?@dOP_ %d! H '  "5 %  "1 0< G 9P1GE@ \F /K  C "; L'/08Harm may never occur?@dOP_ Rounded Process% ! H '  "5 6%  "1 0< G 9P1GE@ \F /K  C  "; L'/00Facts may change?@dOP_ Rounded Process% ! 0000 00$$ t$t$%0? C%!0000 00t$t$%0? C%! H '  "5 JT,  "1 0< G 9P1GE@ \F /K  C "; L'/0* Class Actions ?@dOP_ Rounded Process% !00 00` +Z T,0? C%!| H -   B L25 ,g "1 0< G 9P1GE@ C SF ``8Arial` P1_`o/K  C "a 4&()/0>Jus Tertii Standing ?@dOP_ Rounded Process@%g! 0000 00$D9D{*{*,0? C%! 0000 00$ ( g*Ng*N,0?  C%!NF H .   B L25 + ,g "1 0< G 9P1GE@ F ``8Arial` P1_`o/K   C "l 4&/00Zone of Interest?@dOP_ Rounded Process@%g!00 00L-+ L-0?  C%! H /   B L25 ,0  "1 0< G 9P1GE@ F ``8Arial` P1_`o/K   C "s gg ,&/0uThe S.Ct. determines who is protected by const'l rights; congress determines scope of protection for statutory rightsu?@dOP_ Rounded Process@% !00 00#.#00?  C%! H 0   B L25 0p "1 0< G 9P1GE@ F ``8Arial` P1_`o/K  C "gg ,&/0WCongress can solve jus tertii problem by expanding zone of interest of statutory rightsW?@dOP_ Rounded Process@%p! H 0   B L25 x 0 "1 0< G 9P1GE@ F ``8Arial` P1_`o/K  C "vgg ,&/0mBut Congress cannot create Art. III standing. What constitutes cognizable injury remains a judicial questionm?@dOP_ Rounded Process@%!00 00,220? C%!00 002^20? C%! H 1   B L25 +0 "1 0< G 9P1GE@ F ``8Arial` P1_`o/K  C \"1gg ,&/0IJusiticiability must be determined separately for each claim and claimantI?@dOP_ Rounded Process@%! 0000 00$D{*DQ/Q/00? C%!DD` $?@?@? $?@?@?!`}7 "`HB H??? AA(A  ܼA@aDCdZ[v1);;6MZU{()`? <">ETpF T20`˿ƺ׹غ 3 _k UI9Ҽӽߔ":G[ J J ['*wſ೽㬭Ɵҿн R J?=nڀɫַŷ-` i̶ǃ|<5T`_ЭC8uQOü૫Ɨǽ᢫̼Сԥʜ̸ֺŶĿܺоɺή÷ǷҼθꮲ-'i M{x XJ3⬭A/ [_ X& Zz VQw s mg0,a߲Žи=B|cU^e鏏Y! jry@@k 7 5ߤ9;+-~sk]U \Sa W;8U乷GA71qTBg E >qr}{ j jĉy xmk FD;~咚"yYh<2uϰ OIk aROikѻkfW [jm]`Π+!f L ^g(~䡨6 n` f ^\`ҼQ\VW^[-,A H LѴ昕g ^ Ffe^cr#mic _Xov KPlkx^]IB UQcvlS=l,/V㌍ 5O׼KHbn VNA+% g+$A,-W AɺA3uY geY slbV G91&~S kmnT=_\ ?IǼGV9+օqrbchX_2 $V Hkujj25G**JVjD/a DM \ V bt" tH>:oᣨ@ ae%,Fзي]\dls99d9@ᯫ;Y Z?!YR \T e?H¸)1Aed?- c D P+ cQ `j \Vhj8i^ [hgYaȡ$_ Qb8+|g c06RԲ7=Xm c1&_MbUa ?T ^2%z _N32 C A J˸̤,(NX j31p60}^ k.'!r \[ k} HEgfred F 3 U ^cwl0l:?Y}Ѝ Bhp8*#m gZ?9U23[ QﺬD5wZRŹqf vo_SOAD@q Uf$vq `bkfc`C B 9Z6(~ݏhiXY`P W06 # |uic/:^䰯/-o`]kLPX7@jUSGȌij]f}ۿ׵=' q I8/v SM^^bjmm71q鮬 S ]-&~ɼ f h78cvufd˿rhti]`IkfӮ~JVm _[NXgԿ񄄶\l%IҲί :\c < ` VHݲر>OW glαχ B 5fnem9 Ktuļ S ]R=iϻ渺ܶthJT Jg l<~d W ]VLALnbS;'O^_ejgaý_]KIg mUmns{w\:9|B Dw~r|tm 3#,UxpDAQ,_@78]Q Mlrmniï\W N > J D G =6N R-a_ M GǺNI62}Ȋ `U\sm\_ @7 _p,*uغ|vF`qꫴ[l=PO Y [.0fU W`{ tmauuffד ]d20i2' Z6;/ R N[[}~ `WYꥣ O_/)ջnf45belhh e ^U v]e]JCRdQ ZT)'z g g8CWֹ!1gkAD;7WTMTTNUPGU瞮&IXdFH쳿7D^ hd֫ąHZWQZZU>Ъ]h3-qbn*6u,:ettq_cf L_ahc `Q.5Nݦts(&cooo l8)p˼X\ KD^kVdDSw Y?>Sjst P*̸՟ތ̀_olnAhX75޺ջ%\Snhp6>Xjg W Y DJL;7~!c MJB:MHpߩhc}af=/-g>RP5*^-dXV O/6|dd0{DcT! [[ PS?8?VX ifI78enu] tjshkt1.ZWfX Y`N 2 [\VT*(|r f2=Pٿղ$$i Odg!*ZHmo2>X jmϻԈK \ZTYYN=ܴgf93w»S_ L ROQ \a@E Qi[jhT ]ڴɸ΅!/N5)sq1/l`qʓ je O5&lL[dfiB <f i]l =UcNno R/,6NBbrScum_`[n  !"#$%&'()*+,-./01Diagram1     &'()*+,-./0123456789:;NOPxyz{|}~BJustic- /=`@?x /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_'&{00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000}2! ,Layer 100 00V 0? C%! 0000 00$U UI0? C%! 0000 00$[ [% % I0? C%! 0000 00$m!m"c"c$0? C%! 0000 00$!""$0? C%! 0000 00$"4"""0? C%! 0000 00$%4%&&0? C%! 0000 00$q4q0? C%!0000 00]4]0? C%!00 00m!0? C%!`@ ?@`?>@?@ ?@`?>@?!` "`  ! ??+#`>   $` C 8  T $/0DProf. Manheim Spring, 2005?@,ddOP_ % !`? ǥ6? -@ tc@X? z36@??j-@=`X? 5@?aql!`D_ "`  ! ??+#`>   $` C Z  #/08Constitutional Law I?@dOP_ % ! H )  "5   "1 0< G 9P1GE@ F /K  C " d %*+,/0FTHE JUSTICIABILITY DOCTRINES (Barriers to Constitutional Adjudication)  F?@,ddOP_ Process%! H '  "5 T,  "1 0< G 9P1GE@ \F /K  C "; L'/06Voluntary cessation?@dOP_ Rounded Process% ! H &  5 ?  1 0< G Dn.DKv [@ > F /K  C 2" D/0NAvoidance of needless friction?@,ddOP_ Process%!00 00   !0?i C%!00 005 5!0?h C%! H   "5 !) "1 0< G 9P1GE@ C @aF /K g C " L@/0<Declaratory judgments??@dOP_ Rounded Process%!ph H   "5 X  "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %JF /K b C " </00Prudential rules?@dOP_ Rounded Process%! H   "5 h$8 "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %ZF /K ` C &" </0\&Discretion-ary grant or denial of cert&?@dOP_ Rounded Process%8! H   "5 $!ic "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %gF /K ] C L"hh </0p,Judicial Restraint (principles of avoidance),?@,ddOP_ Rounded Process%c! H   "5 _  "1 0< G 9P1GE@ C F /K [ C  " </0@Adequate & Ind. Doctrine?@dOP_ Rounded Process% !`G?7@@`?`@?G?7@@`?`@?!`hbV"`  ! ??+#`>   $`S C `!dVV D/0?Limits on jurisdiction reflect both SoP and federalism concerns??@dOP_ %bV!00 0(0 I0?O C%!~v H   "5 V I "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %wF /K ? C "1gg 4/0FSubject Matter Jurisdiction?@dOP_ Rounded Process%! H   "5 I "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %wF /K > C 6"1gg </0l.Theories of Interpretation and Stds. of Review.?@dOP_ Rounded Process%! H   "5 $ "1 0< G 9P1GE@ C gF /K " C " D/08Separation of powers?@,ddOP_ Rounded Process%!nf H   "5  * "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %F /K  C " </0.Redress ability?@dOP_ Rounded Process%*!tl H   "5 H* "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %F /K  C " D/0,Adver-sariness?@dOP_ Rounded Process%*!`X H   "5 * "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %F /K  C " </0 Finality?@dOP_ Rounded Process%*! H   "5 [& "1 0< G 9P1GE@ C UF /K  C 8"VV L/0^'Lack of judicially manageable standards'?@dOP_ Rounded Process%&! H   "5 & "1 0< G 9P1GE@ C QF /K  C 6"VV L/0\&Textual commitment to political branch&?@dOP_ Rounded Process%&!qi H   "5 = i "1 0< G 9P1GE@ > gF /K  C "ugg 4/0 Mootness?@dOP_ Rounded Process%c!{ H   "5 i "1 0< G 9P1GE@ > gF /K  C "ugg 4/02Advisory Opinions?@dOP_ Rounded Process%c! H   "5 {i "1 0< G 9P1GE@ C gF /K  C "ugg </04Political Question?@dOP_ Rounded Process%c! H   "5 i "1 0< G 9P1GE@ C gF /K  C "ugg L!/0 Standing?@dOP_ Rounded Process%c!vn H   "5 I "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %wF /K  C "1gg </06Case or Controversy?@dOP_ Rounded Process%! H   "5   3 "1 0< G 9P1GE@ (F /K  C X" D$/07Article III and structural factors (SoP and Federalism)#7?@dOP_  Subroutine% 3!`A`?@`9?G@?A`?@`9?G@?!`e!g"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C F$gg L/0l.These also reflect SoP and federalism concerns.?@dOP_ %g!z`@ ?@ η?P@?@ ?@ η?P@?!`4$&v"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C 0x L/0V#Congress may re-quire S.Ct. review #?@dOP_ %v! H   "5 "$ "1 0< G 9P1GE@ H JF /K  C $" </0He.g., defer const questions?@,ddOP_ Rounded Process%! 0000 00$"!""H#"H#$0? C%! 0000 00$&!&"%"%$0? C%!tl`?,@@z?P@??,@@z?P@?!`r&Ek"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C "Gkk 4/0`(Congress may over-ride prudential rules (?@dOP_ %Ek! 0000 00$ & F$C!F$C!!0? C%! 0000 00$(&(($'($'!0? C%! H ,   B L25 % "1 0< G 9P1GE@ F ``8Arial` P1_`o/K  C v"4BB ,&/0VSupreme Court cannot take case merely to correct error; must be able to affect outcomeV?@dOP_ Rounded Process@%8! 0000 00$c c""%0? C%! H ,   B L25 3%t "1 0< G 9P1GE@ F ``8Arial` P1_`o/K  C N" BB ,&/0BJudgments must be final; not subject to revision by other branchesB?@dOP_ Rounded Process@%t! 0000 00$ $l$l%0? C%!qi H   "5 i "1 0< G 9P1GE@ > gF /K  C "ugg 4/0 Ripeness?@dOP_ Rounded Process%c! 0000 0(0$+i+ii0? C%!0000 0(0++i0? C%!00 0(03 ++ i0? C%!00 0(0+i0? C%!00 0(0+i0? C%!d\`n?@Q?X@?n?@Q?X@?!`m  "`  ! (??+#`>   $`_ C ""  D /0@Justiciability Doctrines?@dOP_ % !0000 00iHT$HT$i0? C%! 0000 00$8cc0? C%!0000 00  0? C%! 0000 00$+ 8+   0? C%!0000 00+   0? C%! 0000 00$8..0? C%!00 00WX0? C%! H   "5  ! "1 0< G 9P1GE@ C aF /K  C ("R D/0V#Case must remain live at all stages#?@dOP_ Rounded Process%!00 00` ` !0? C%! H '  "5 A T,6  "1 0< G 9P1GE@ \F /K  C :" L'/0`(Capable of repetition yet evading review(?@dOP_ Rounded Process%6 !00 00 0? C%! 0000 00$` #` ++T,0? C%!0000 00` ++T,0? C%!@8``?@@?@?`?@@?@?!` *d"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C f </0$ Exceptions ?@dOP_ %d! H '  "5 %  "1 0< G 9P1GE@ \F /K  C "; L'/08Harm may never occur?@dOP_ Rounded Process% ! H '  "5 6%  "1 0< G 9P1GE@ \F /K  C  "; L'/00Facts may change?@dOP_ Rounded Process% ! 0000 00$$ t$t$%0? C%!0000 00t$t$%0? C%! H '  "5 JT,  "1 0< G 9P1GE@ \F /K  C "; L'/0* Class Actions ?@dOP_ Rounded Process% !00 00` +Z T,0? C%!| H -   B L25 ,g "1 0< G 9P1GE@ C SF ``8Arial` P1_`o/K  C "a 4&()/0>Jus Tertii Standing ?@dOP_ Rounded Process@%g! 0000 00$D9D{*{*,0? C%! 0000 00$ ( g*Ng*N,0?  C%!NF H .   B L25 + ,g "1 0< G 9P1GE@ F ``8Arial` P1_`o/K   C "l 4&/00Zone of Interest?@dOP_ Rounded Process@%g!00 00L-+ L-0?  C%! H /   B L25 ,0  "1 0< G 9P1GE@ F ``8Arial` P1_`o/K   C "s gg ,&/0uThe S.Ct. determines who is protected by const'l rights; congress determines scope of protection for statutory rightsu?@dOP_ Rounded Process@% !00 00#.#00?  C%! H 0   B L25 0p "1 0< G 9P1GE@ F ``8Arial` P1_`o/K  C "gg ,&/0WCongress can solve jus tertii problem by expanding zone of interest of statutory rightsW?@dOP_ Rounded Process@%p! H 0   B L25 x 0 "1 0< G 9P1GE@ F ``8Arial` P1_`o/K  C "vgg ,&/0mBut Congress cannot create Art. III standing. What constitutes cognizable injury remains a judicial questionm?@dOP_ Rounded Process@%!00 00,220? C%!00 002^20? C%! H 1   B L25 +0 "1 0< G 9P1GE@ F ``8Arial` P1_`o/K  C \"1gg ,&/0IJusiticiability must be determined separately for each claim and claimantI?@dOP_ Rounded Process@%! 0000 00$D{*DQ/Q/00? C%!DD` $?@?@? $?@?@?!`}7 "`HB H??? 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