ࡱ> Root Entry~>O&  Contents Diagram1DiagClass01  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefg  !"#$%&'()*+,-./DocComponentsInfo$BPolquest- /=8?x /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_'&{00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000}! ,Layer 100 00]9!0? C%!00 000? C%!00 00O0? C %!00 0(0,/0? C%!00 00\ G"DL"0? C%!00 00X X 0? C%!00 00j <D0? C%!00 00**0? C%!00 00\ Lx0?h C%!00 00U# U#K0?g C%!00 0(0 Q 50?P C%!00 00[#Z#0?L C%!00 00 * *0?@ C%!00 00dOg0?3 C %!00 0(0)+ 0?$ C%!00 0(0 0?! C %!0000 00\ p1p0? C%!vn H   "5   "1 0< G X)6V1GE@ %F /K  C " 4/0FPOLITICAL QUESTION DOCTRINE?@dOP_ Process%!6. H   "5 15  "1 0< G Y)6V1GE@ %F /K  C "V [[ < /0kIs there a textually demonstrable constitutional commitment of the issue to a coordinate* political branch?NYk?@dOP_ Rounded Process% ! H   5 y*  1 0< G i)6V1GE@ > @F /K  C !~ )) ,/0dThis question (and its 2 compo-nents) are judicial questions (not for the poltical branch to decide) since a court always has jurisdic-tion to determine its jurisdiction.?@dOP_ Process% !C; H   5 L g  1 0< G i)6V1GE@ > F /K  C "  L /0iClaimant raises a constitutional issue in a case otherwise properly within a federal court's jurisdictioni?@dOP_ Process% ! H   "5 D F "1 0< G \)6V1GED    ! ??+@ %(F /K  C "2  T   /0>1 Does the political branch have power to act (on that issue)?!&>?@>dddOP_ Rounded Process% F! H   "5 D+ F "1 0< G ])6V1GE@ %(F /K " C "2  T  /0F2 Does that branch have discretion (final decision making authority)?"F?@,ddOP_ Rounded Process% F! H   "5  (+ "1 0< G ^)6V1GE@ C (F /K & C *" $/0x4The issue raises a nonjusticiable political question4?@dOP_ Rounded Process%+! H   "5 (+ "1 0< G _)6V1GE@ C (F /K + C "t $/0NThe issue (case) is justiciable?@,ddOP_ Rounded Process%+! H   "5 O:0 "1 0< G `)6V1GE@ %(F /K 2 C " , /0^Is there a lack of judicially discoverable and manageable standards for resolving the issue **^?@dOP_ Rounded Process%:0!<4`ף?(@j?0@?ף?(@j?0@?!`+lI"`  ! ??+#`>   $`5 C "K /0.related inquiry?@,ddOP_ %I! H   5 ( 1 0< G i)6V1GE@ > @F /K ? C !'XX $/0iIf a court decides an issue committed to a political branch, it usurps that branch's power, violating SoPi?@dOP_ Process%!`?@?@??@?@?!`< "`  ! ??+#`>   $`E C h"  $/0Jbefore deciding the issue, ask (as part of your justiciability analysis):J?@,ddOP_ % ! H   "5 ! "1 0< G b)6V1GE@ F /K F C z$L?? ,/0TThis question can be bound up with the merits of the case, as in Goldwater v. CarterAT?@dOP_ Online Storage%!RJ`@?x@?@?@?x@?@?!` P "`  ! ??+#`>   $`G C "R  $/0Nthis question has 2 components:?@dOP_ %P !.&`@ ?@@?؃@?@ ?@@?؃@?!`+ 7"`  ! ??+#`>   $`u C "9 $/0* Major premise ?@dOP_ %7!.&`@33?@@?@?@33?@@?@?!` F"`  ! ??+#`>   $`v C H $/0* Minor premise ?@dOP_ %F!`@z?4@?0@?@z?4@?0@?!`ZH@ "`  ! ??+#`>   $`x C Bd |  /08Constitutional Law I?@dOP_ %@ !rj`@ ?@j?0@?@ ?@j?0@?!`"Hs"`  ! ??+#`>   $`y C  u < /0DProf. Manheim Spring, 2005?@,ddOP_ %s!h```ff?(@`-?@?`ff?(@`-?@?!`3"`  ! ??+#`>   $`z C " ,/0\ **Other examples given in Baker v. Carr are related to the major and minor premise, although cases touching foreign affairs are often seen as Political Questions?@dOP_ %! H   "5 ( "1 0< G d)6V1GE@ F /K ~ C d",?? /0UThis is so even if the issues are "political" or otherwise involve a political branchU?@dOP_ Online Storage%!6.` G?N@?@@? G?N@?@@?!` "`  ! ??+#`>   $` C !  ,/0* Arising as it does from SoP concerns, the Pol Qu. Doctrine applies only to federal judicial inquiry into questions assigned to the political branches of the federal gov't, not to questions about state gov't. Baker v. Carr. But see Luther v. Bordan; Vieth v. Jubelirer ?@dOP_ % !`rh?9@@?l@?rh?9@@?l@?!`qK"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C M /0*?@dOP_ %K!`?[@@z?@??[@@z?@?!` "`  ! ??+#`>   $` C x$  , /0WThe constitution must assign both power and discretion to a coordinate political branchW?@dOP_ % !:2`Q?@?5?@?Q?@?5?@?!`D.&"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C "&& ,/0"The doctrine of which we treat is one of 'political questions,' not one of 'political cases.' The courts cannot reject as 'no law suit' a bona fide controversy as to whether some action denominated 'political' exceeds constitutional authority" Baker v. Carr?@,ddOP_ %&! H   5 y  1 0< G i)6V1GE@ > @F /K  C !~ )) 4/0<Power to act is insufficient, the branch must also have final responsibility for interpreting the scope and nature of its power. (Nixon v. US)?@,ddOP_ Process% !1) H   5  / T 1 0< G i)6V1GEF /K  C "  $ /0>Once this is determined, the judicial role is over; there can be no further inquiry into the branch's handling of the issue ("political" remedies only)?@dOP_ Process% T!@8`Mb?@Q?@?Mb?@Q?@?!`!"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C " ,/04informs the answer?@dOP_ %! H   "5  "1 0< G g)6V1GE@ F /K  C n" $ /0VThe "issue" refers to the const'l provision serving as the basis for the claim broughtV?@dOP_ Online Storage%!00 00x!w,u!,.0? C%!0000 0(0$l$&&(0? C %!0000 0(0$ml$m&t&t(0? C %!`?X@?@??X@?@?!`&"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C " /0No?@dOP_ %! ` ?`@?@? ?`@?@?!`&;"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C "= /0Yes?@dOP_ %;!ZR`V?(@ ?@?V?(@ ?@?!`_ B"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C a BB ,/0NIn Vieth v. Jubelirer, 4 members of the Court treated this as a distinct basis for invoking the Political Question doctrine (in political gerrymandering cases)?@dOP_ %_ B!00 00j#/n#q0? C%!DD`~?4@+?R@?~?4@+?R@?!`Z6] "`HB H??? AA(A  ܼA@aDCdZ[v1);;6MZU{()`? <">ETpF T20`˿ƺ׹غ 3 _k UI9Ҽӽߔ":G[ J J ['*wſ೽㬭Ɵҿн R J?=nڀɫַŷ-` i̶ǃ|<5T`_ЭC8uQOü૫Ɨǽ᢫̼Сԥʜ̸ֺŶĿܺоɺή÷ǷҼθꮲ-'i M{x XJ3⬭A/ [_ X& Zz VQw s mg0,a߲Žи=B|cU^e鏏Y! jry@@k 7 5ߤ9;+-~sk]U \Sa W;8U乷GA71qTBg E >qr}{ j jĉy xmk FD;~咚"yYh<2uϰ OIk aROikѻkfW [jm]`Π+!f L ^g(~䡨6 n` f ^\`ҼQ\VW^[-,A H LѴ昕g ^ Ffe^cr#mic _Xov KPlkx^]IB UQcvlS=l,/V㌍ 5O׼KHbn VNA+% g+$A,-W AɺA3uY geY slbV G91&~S kmnT=_\ ?IǼGV9+օqrbchX_2 $V Hkujj25G**JVjD/a DM \ V bt" tH>:oᣨ@ ae%,Fзي]\dls99d9@ᯫ;Y Z?!YR \T e?H¸)1Aed?- c D P+ cQ `j \Vhj8i^ [hgYaȡ$_ Qb8+|g c06RԲ7=Xm c1&_MbUa ?T ^2%z _N32 C A J˸̤,(NX j31p60}^ k.'!r \[ k} HEgfred F 3 U ^cwl0l:?Y}Ѝ Bhp8*#m gZ?9U23[ QﺬD5wZRŹqf vo_SOAD@q Uf$vq `bkfc`C B 9Z6(~ݏhiXY`P W06 # |uic/:^䰯/-o`]kLPX7@jUSGȌij]f}ۿ׵=' q I8/v SM^^bjmm71q鮬 S ]-&~ɼ f h78cvufd˿rhti]`IkfӮ~JVm _[NXgԿ񄄶\l%IҲί :\c < ` VHݲر>OW glαχ B 5fnem9 Ktuļ S ]R=iϻ渺ܶthJT Jg l<~d W ]VLALnbS;'O^_ejgaý_]KIg mUmns{w\:9|B Dw~r|tm 3#,UxpDAQ,_@78]Q Mlrmniï\W N > J D G =6N R-a_ M GǺNI62}Ȋ `U\sm\_ @7 _p,*uغ|vF`qꫴ[l=PO Y [.0fU W`{ tmauuffד ]d20i2' Z6;/ R N[[}~ `WYꥣ O_/)ջnf45belhh e ^U v]e]JCRdQ ZT)'z g g8CWֹ!1gkAD;7WTMTTNUPGU瞮&IXdFH쳿7D^ hd֫ąHZWQZZU>Ъ]h3-qbn*6u,:ettq_cf L_ahc `Q.5Nݦts(&cooo l8)p˼X\ KD^kVdDSw Y?>Sjst P*̸՟ތ̀_olnAhX75޺ջ%\Snhp6>Xjg W Y DJL;7~!c MJB:MHpߩhc}af=/-g>RP5*^-dXV O/6|dd0{DcT! [[ PS?8?VX ifI78enu] tjshkt1.ZWfX Y`N 2 [\VT*(|r f2=Pٿղ$$i Odg!*ZHmo2>X jmϻԈK \ZTYYN=ܴgf93w»S_ L ROQ \a@E Qi[jhT ]ڴɸ΅!/N5)sq1/l`qʓ je O5&lL[dfiB <f i]l =UcNno R/,6NBbrScum_`[n%,p P*o$d Vd j݁fg *4@_giVbE JamGT| _ ]YXjf PI YHN)/\ &Rf m ?.3cXg(]fOشƅ鈍',F2C AH^W@KPK}GQM! F鳻".@ROy+"_JNMu B BF@zL  =4y PA!? A=/RKgN Q lY@IC<S *ir F P}{6XH=b_HE\XKƹdi T^vcdc A2㓡QZGKdʥ "8v!Źѻ''M EMIKy dg} L Zogkf RM˿ѿA :XJc| > JqiE7i<.`st:b`05|PX b:GC- nUɼނ C I S Q C*.c8ByI2-S;6\#G8 NYcusZc>;r DYH=AS#A:@ N \*lvv 7-J 3^a)+Q(!_]onD\FMMe@/ Y ;aB.SX/<:+4?eb@, z F#T4j kffQ59x; R K+i I[$ dǺsj R#JKT i T;SVF UOy<;.%oHmfVB.K4WE XUBBdnod oywVU\DC< na`X6.c?3qW` h_FHmD4j^ j\ fC6y,'T"k\P;,{@*ejkBEKxchmg H>C6 OE#a!b]D{ G 4] Q V\!"C"dR7 T L{ D<䮴κƱýڮհޫٵűRoot Entry~>Oz^%  Contents Diagram1mDiagClass01knopqrstuvwxyz{|}~  !"#$%&'()*+,-./DocComponentsInfo$BPolquest- /=8?x /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_'&{00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000}! ,Layer 100 00]9!0? C%!00 000? C%!00 00O0? C %!00 0(0,/0? C%!00 00\ G"DL"0? C%!00 00X X 0? C%!00 00j <D0? C%!00 00**0? C%!00 00\ Lx0?h C%!00 00U# U#K0?g C%!00 0(0 Q 50?P C%!00 00[#Z#0?L C%!00 00 * *0?@ C%!00 00dOg0?3 C %!00 0(0)+ 0?$ C%!00 0(0 0?! C %!0000 00\ p1p0? C%!vn H   "5   "1 0< G X)6V1GE@ %F /K  C " 4/0FPOLITICAL QUESTION DOCTRINE?@dOP_ Process%!6. H   "5 15  "1 0< G Y)6V1GE@ %F /K  C "V [[ < /0kIs there a textually demonstrable constitutional commitment of the issue to a coordinate* political branch?NYk?@dOP_ Rounded Process% ! H   5 y*  1 0< G i)6V1GE@ > @F /K  C !~ )) ,/0dThis question (and its 2 compo-nents) are judicial questions (not for the poltical branch to decide) since a court always has jurisdic-tion to determine its jurisdiction.?@dOP_ Process% !C; H   5 L g  1 0< G i)6V1GE@ > F /K  C "  L /0iClaimant raises a constitutional issue in a case otherwise properly within a federal court's jurisdictioni?@dOP_ Process% ! H   "5 D F "1 0< G \)6V1GED    ! ??+@ %(F /K  C "2  T   /0>1 Does the political branch have power to act (on that issue)?!&>?@>dddOP_ Rounded Process% F! H   "5 D+ F "1 0< G ])6V1GE@ %(F /K " C "2  T  /0F2 Does that branch have discretion (final decision making authority)?"F?@,ddOP_ Rounded Process% F! H   "5  (+ "1 0< G ^)6V1GE@ C (F /K & C *" $/0x4The issue raises a nonjusticiable political question4?@dOP_ Rounded Process%+! H   "5 (+ "1 0< G _)6V1GE@ C (F /K + C "t $/0NThe issue (case) is justiciable?@,ddOP_ Rounded Process%+! H   "5 O:0 "1 0< G `)6V1GE@ %(F /K 2 C " , /0^Is there a lack of judicially discoverable and manageable standards for resolving the issue **^?@dOP_ Rounded Process%:0!<4`ף?(@j?0@?ף?(@j?0@?!`+lI"`  ! ??+#`>   $`5 C "K /0.related inquiry?@,ddOP_ %I! H   5 ( 1 0< G i)6V1GE@ > @F /K ? C !'XX $/0iIf a court decides an issue committed to a political branch, it usurps that branch's power, violating SoPi?@dOP_ Process%!`?@?@??@?@?!`< "`  ! ??+#`>   $`E C h"  $/0Jbefore deciding the issue, ask (as part of your justiciability analysis):J?@,ddOP_ % ! H   "5 ! "1 0< G b)6V1GE@ F /K F C z$L?? ,/0TThis question can be bound up with the merits of the case, as in Goldwater v. CarterAT?@dOP_ Online Storage%!RJ`@?x@?@?@?x@?@?!` P "`  ! ??+#`>   $`G C "R  $/0Nthis question has 2 components:?@dOP_ %P !.&`@ ?@@?؃@?@ ?@@?؃@?!`+ 7"`  ! ??+#`>   $`u C "9 $/0* Major premise ?@dOP_ %7!.&`@33?@@?@?@33?@@?@?!` F"`  ! ??+#`>   $`v C H $/0* Minor premise ?@dOP_ %F!`@z?4@?0@?@z?4@?0@?!`ZH@ "`  ! ??+#`>   $`x C Bd |  /08Constitutional Law I?@dOP_ %@ !rj`@ ?@j?0@?@ ?@j?0@?!`"Hs"`  ! ??+#`>   $`y C  u < /0DProf. Manheim Spring, 2005?@,ddOP_ %s!h```ff?(@`-?@?`ff?(@`-?@?!`3"`  ! ??+#`>   $`z C " ,/0\ **Other examples given in Baker v. Carr are related to the major and minor premise, although cases touching foreign affairs are often seen as Political Questions?@dOP_ %! H   "5 ( "1 0< G d)6V1GE@ F /K ~ C d",?? /0UThis is so even if the issues are "political" or otherwise involve a political branchU?@dOP_ Online Storage%!6.` G?N@?@@? G?N@?@@?!` "`  ! ??+#`>   $` C !  ,/0* Arising as it does from SoP concerns, the Pol Qu. Doctrine applies only to federal judicial inquiry into questions assigned to the political branches of the federal gov't, not to questions about state gov't. Baker v. Carr. But see Luther v. Bordan; Vieth v. Jubielier ?@dOP_ % !`rh?9@@?l@?rh?9@@?l@?!`qK"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C M /0*?@dOP_ %K!`?[@@z?@??[@@z?@?!` "`  ! ??+#`>   $` C x$  , /0WThe constitution must assign both power and discretion to a coordinate political branchW?@dOP_ % !:2`Q?@?5?@?Q?@?5?@?!`D.&"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C "&& ,/0"The doctrine of which we treat is one of 'political questions,' not one of 'political cases.' The courts cannot reject as 'no law suit' a bona fide controversy as to whether some action denominated 'political' exceeds constitutional authority" Baker v. Carr?@,ddOP_ %&! H   5 y  1 0< G i)6V1GE@ > @F /K  C !~ )) 4/0<Power to act is insufficient, the branch must also have final responsibility for interpreting the scope and nature of its power. (Nixon v. US)?@,ddOP_ Process% !1) H   5  / T 1 0< G i)6V1GEF /K  C "  $ /0>Once this is determined, the judicial role is over; there can be no further inquiry into the branch's handling of the issue ("political" remedies only)?@dOP_ Process% T!@8`Mb?@Q?@?Mb?@Q?@?!`!"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C " ,/04informs the answer?@dOP_ %! H   "5  "1 0< G g)6V1GE@ F /K  C n" $ /0VThe "issue" refers to the const'l provision serving as the basis for the claim broughtV?@dOP_ Online Storage%!00 00x!w,u!,.0? C%!0000 0(0$l$&&(0? C %!0000 0(0$ml$m&t&t(0? C %!`?X@?@??X@?@?!`&"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C " /0No?@dOP_ %! ` ?`@?@? ?`@?@?!`&;"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C "= /0Yes?@dOP_ %;!ZR`V?(@ ?@?V?(@ ?@?!`_ B"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C a BB ,/0NIn Vieth v. Jubelirer, 4 members of the Court treated this as a distinct basis for invoking the Political Question doctrine (in political gerrymandering cases)?@dOP_ %_ B!00 00j#/n#q0? C%!DD`~?4@+?R@?~?4@+?R@?!`Z6] "`HB H??? 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