ࡱ> Root Entry~>OyE^ E Contents* Diagram1DiagClass0lk7  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijkmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~  !"#$%&'()*+,-DocComponentsInfo$BPreempt- /=?xDf /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_'&{00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000}! ,Layer 10000 00$ ( *N *N ,0? C %!00 006%/"!/0?s C%!00 00G ##0?j C%!0000 00 / 660?g C%!00 0 0o  0?f C%!0000 0 (01330?d C%!0000 0 (01330?c C%! 0000 0(0$x 1x 33950?b C%!0000 0 0]1]p2p20?\ C%!00 0 01p20?[ C%! 0000 00$ 1 p2p2%50?Z C%! 0000 00u]])0?K C %! 0000 00.;.0?J C %!{s H   "5 I  "1 0< G W`|LJ+5@ F /K = C "~~ L $%/08PREEMPTION DOCTRINES?@dOP_ Process%!`n? @G? @?n? @G? @?!`"`  ! ??+#`>   $`8 C 6" \  /0LStatute is silent on its face  ?@dOP_ %!0(`= ?<@Q?@?= ?<@Q?@?!`d"`  ! ??+#`>   $`7 C " </0No?@dOP_ %!ld H   "5  95] "1 0< G tC;@ PF /K * C "]-- 4 /06State law Preempted?@dOP_ Predefined Process%]!vn H   "5 %5T "1 0< G ET9PBu@ %PF /K ) C "QQ 4 /0>State law not preempted?@dOP_ Rounded Process%T!00 0 0!W"0?& C%!ld H   "5 G W"w "1 0< G FcGAaNԛa.y@ %F /K % C "GG l  /0rPresumption: Historic police powers of states are not to be superceded unless that is the clear intent of Congress r?@dOP_ Rounded Process%w! H   "5 B,G "1 0< G ]4BGe!f@ %F /K ! C " < /0SIs it physically or logically impossible to comply with both federal and state law?S?@dOP_ Rounded Process%G! H   "5 ,G "1 0< G ]4BGe!f@ %F /K  C " < /0THas Congress so dominated the field as to leave no room for supplemental regulation?T?@dOP_ Rounded Process%G! H   "5 ,G "1 0< G {/I- gh~@ %F /K  C " < /0TDoes state law stand as an obstacle to the full accomplishment of congress' purpose?T?@dOP_ Rounded Process%G!0(`@ȶ?@Q?@?@ȶ?@Q?@?!`M"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C " </0No?@dOP_ %! H   "5 ) "1 0< G QjIFKO-tO/@ %(F /K  C D"> L /0j-Does the fed law ex-plicity permit state law?-?@dOP_ Rounded Process%! H   "5  8  "1 0< G ^St@Kvl@ C (F /K  C "0 hh D /04Implied Preemption?@dOP_ Rounded Process% ! H   "5 r "1 0< G Nʒ< Cna@ %(F /K  C H"   < /0~7Does the federal statute explicitly preclude state law?7?@dOP_ Rounded Process%r!*" H   "5  "1 0< G O{WTN@FǷ@ %F /K  C "*WW    /0ECongressional silence may be intentional (to leave field unregulated) E?@dOP_ Rounded Process%! H   "5 | H "1 0< G P@w!FVsPzj@ %(F /K  C  " 4 /0^'Has Congress legislated on the subject?'?@dOP_ Rounded Process%H!z`(?@v?3@?(?@v?3@?!`< Z"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C 0 L/0DProf. Manheim Spring, 2005?@,ddOP_ %!|t`Mb?;@@?0@?Mb?;@@?0@?!`zH"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C * d /08Constitutional Law I?@dOP_ %!nf H   "5 S X&r "1 0< G _NҊNCaMK@ %wF /K S C ">   4 /06Conflict Preemption?@dOP_ Rounded Process%r!h` H   "5 X&r "1 0< G _NҊNCaMK@ %wF /K T C ">   4 /00Field Preemption?@dOP_ Rounded Process%r!` ?|@"?j@? ?|@"?j@?!`p2;"`  ! ??+#`>   $`_ C "= $ /0Yes?@dOP_ %;!|t H   "5    "1 0< G iBL ,2#+@ %(F /K e C "- hh D /04Express Preemption?@dOP_ Rounded Process% !2*`G?X@@z?@?G?X@@z?@?!`h"`  ! ??+#`>   $`h C "hh < /0Yes?@dOP_ %h! H   "5 2! "1 0< G  Aw   $`k C (! , /0n/Preemption is the Supremacy Clause in operation/?@dOP_ %!`|??4@`9?H@?|??4@`9?H@?!`Z-e"`  ! ??+#`>   $`l C Zee D/0<Congressional intent is the touchstone of implied preemption<?@dOP_ %e!ph H   "5 ",[ "1 0< G 2ks,Euy[;i@ %F /K r C "\\ l  !&/0xNote: every federal law occupies some field. The question is whether the state law falls within that particular "field" x?@dOP_ Process%[!ph` r?@ Zd?@? r?@ Zd?@?!` )"`  ! ??+#`>   $`t C " T /0<frustration of purpose?@dOP_ %! 0000 00 | |0?w C %!*"` ?Ȕ@?p@? ?Ȕ@?p@?!`b ;"`  ! ??+#`>   $`x C " 4 /0Yes?@dOP_ %;! 0000 00| 0?y C %! `?@?p@??@?p@?!`  "`  ! ??+#`>   $`z C " , /0No?@dOP_ %!zr`S?ܜ@t?`@?S?ܜ@t?`@?!`v t "`  ! ??+#`>   $`{ C ( < /0^'Only valid federal statutes can preempt'?@dOP_ %!`? М@ ? @?? М@ ? @?!`l ="`  ! ??+#`>   $`| C == L /0mThe federal statute can preclude all state laws on the subject or just those inconsistent w/ federal policiesm?@dOP_ %=!PH H   "5 x "1 0< G _0LSRH0 @ %F /K } C "{ T !/0xOne theory of the dormant commerce clause is (negative) preemption to further cong'l intent to leave an area unregulatedx?@dOP_ Process%!0000 00$(**,0? C %!RJ`@O?@ Zd?@?@O?@ Zd?@?!`)"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C "  D /0.actual conflict?@dOP_ %!0000 00$(**,0? C %!RJ`|?@ Zd?@?|?@ Zd?@?!`l)S"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C "U 4/0>occupation of the field?@dOP_ %S! 0000 00$%%#%#X&0? C%! 0000 00$%%%X&0? C%!ld H   "5 [] "1 0< G l!D 7@ PF /K  C "])) 4 /06State law Preempted?@dOP_ Predefined Process%]!| H   "5 ; r "1 0< G s0U:DhnQ"@ %(yF /K  C  "> , /0R!State law is likely NOT preempted!?@dOP_ Alternate Process%r! 0000 00; cc0? C %!0000 00cc0? C%!,$`?u@?@??u@?@?!`&]"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C "L 4  /0Note?@dOP_ %!`Q?(@`-?X@?Q?(@`-?X@?!`6 "`  ! ??+#`>   $` C  < /0mEven when not preempted, a state law may be uncon-stitutional on other grounds. Consider the Dormant Com.Cl.m?@dOP_ %!vn`?@ \?@??@ \?@?!`"s&0"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C $2 </0Z%Two basic types of implied preemption%?@dOP_ %0! ` X9?8@@?T@? X9?8@@?T@?!`_>2d"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C "f ,  /0No?@dOP_ %d!` $? @ \?h@? $? @ \?h@?!`!u"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C B 4/08Federal law often expressly permits consistent state law8?@dOP_ %!XP H   "5 "3[ "1 0< G 2ks,Euy[;i@ %F /K  C "\\ t ! &/0dField preemption precludes even consistent state law because congress may not want state enforcement + d?@dOP_ Process%[!00 00K%1K%30? C%! 0000 00$# % %%0? C%! H   "5 ) "1 0< G QjIFKO-tO/@ %(F /K  C J"b L /0p0Is the state law within the scope of preemption?0?@dOP_ Rounded Process%! 0000 00)0? C %!"`E?\@(?@?E?\@(?@?!`WY"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C ! ,/0Yes?@dOP_ %Y!00 00A[0? C%!"`@5^?@@?#@?@5^?@@?#@?!`"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C " ,/0Yes?@dOP_ %!0000 00lttX0? C%!0(`= ? @Q?@?= ? @Q?@?!`"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C " </0No?@dOP_ %!80`x?@K?v@?x?@K?v@?!`_q /"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C  // L /0 ~Preemption arises only where a state has legislated in an area where congress has also acted (or specifically declined to act)~?@dOP_ % /! 0000 00,   0? C%!<4``?Pu@(?ȕ@?`?Pu@(?ȕ@?!`"`  ! ??+#`>   $`n C " < /0 Consider?@dOP_ %! H   B L25  'Q 1 0< G .@"qc@ > F ``8Arial` P1_`o/K  C t" <'&!/0Mthis requires a detailed inquiry into text, structure & intent of federal lawM?@dOP_ Process@%'"!00 00% 0? C%!T Bf_ a af{Ky,g,fja?@{}f_,@@P(yP(yPPtE8RtE8RrtE8RJړړJړړ%&׺׺&׺׺O(O(y33y33J8T4A)g##g##Sە%ەTCtE#%CtE#cdcdScdcd tE8RTtE8R!CtE#SCtE#yzd9_xwxd8_xwtE8RwtE8Rij GC%j GCf GCef GCcdT GC d GCbc GC!c GC*b GCb GCZ\ GC \ GCZ[ GC![`M GC)Z`M GCZ`M GCK`M GCK`M GC s('!rs('!t#%``8Arial` P1_`o('-N)BBBasic DiagramsBB5\L۲H[B6 6  )( ! ??+ W`|LJ+5 "  Process L2   8       Process      / 6  |)0>g4>+jd)pp>g4>+?? d)ww>g4>++++j tC; "  Predefined Process L|2   8       Predefined Process      /     ! ??+ ET9PBu "  Rounded Process L2 888- M 8       Rounded Process      /     ! ??+ FcGAaNԛa.y "  Rounded Process L2 787-  8       Rounded Process       3 /     ! ??+ ]4BGe!f "  Rounded Process L2 878,  8       Rounded Process      /     ! ??+ {/I- gh~ "  Rounded Process L2 878,  8       Rounded Process      /     ! ??+ QjIFKO-tO/ "  Rounded Process L 2 888,  8    iShape   Rounded Process      /     ! ??+ ^St@Kvl "  Rounded Process L2 787, O 8       Rounded Process      /     ! ??+ Nʒ< Cna "  Rounded Process L2 888-  8       Rounded Process      /     ! ??+ O{WTN@FǷ "  Rounded Process L2 888-  8       Rounded Process      /     ! ??+ P@w!FVsPzj "  Rounded Process L2 888-  8       Rounded Process      /    w ! ??+ _NҊNCaMK "  Rounded Process L2 ((((  8       Rounded Process      /     ! ??+ iBL ,2#+ "  Rounded Process L2 888-  8       Rounded Process      /   @ ! ??+@  Awg4>+jd)pp>g4>+?? d)ww>g4>++++j l!D 7 "  Predefined Process L|2   8       Predefined Process      /   @H y ! ??+@H  s0U:DhnQ" "  Alternate Process L2 ((** T 8       Alternate Process      /     ! (??+ QjIFKO-tO/ "  Rounded Process L 2 888,        %( Rounded Process        8Arial /  )0@@ @ @ @ ! ??+@@  .@"qc    L2          Process       /   BBB BBRoot Entry~>ON E  Contents Diagram1DiagClass04DocComponentsInfo$  !"#$%&'()*+,-BPreempt- /=?xDf /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_'&{00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000}! ,Layer 10000 00$ ( *N *N ,0? C %!00 006%/"!/0?s C%!00 008 ##0?j C%! 0000 00 6 660?g C %!00 0 0o  0?f C%!0000 0 (01330?d C%!0000 0 (01330?c C%! 0000 0(0$x 1x 33950?b C%!0000 0 0]1]p2p20?\ C%!00 0 01p20?[ C%! 0000 00$ 1 p2p2%50?Z C%! 0000 00u]]00?K C %! 0000 00.B.0?J C %! 0000 00 C  0?I C %!{s H   "5 I  "1 0< G W`|LJ+5@ F /K = C "~~ L $%/08PREEMPTION DOCTRINES?@dOP_ Process%!xp`n? @G? @?n? @G? @?!`"`  ! ??+#`>   $`8 C &" L /0LStatute is silent on its face ?@dOP_ %!0(`= ?<@Q?@@?= ?<@Q?@@?!`d"`  ! ??+#`>   $`7 C " </0No?@dOP_ %!ld H   "5  95] "1 0< G tC;@ PF /K * C "]-- 4 /06State law Preempted?@dOP_ Predefined Process%]!vn H   "5 %5T "1 0< G ET9PBu@ %PF /K ) C "QQ 4 /0>State law not preempted?@dOP_ Rounded Process%T!00 0 0!V"0?& C%!ld H   "5 8 V"w "1 0< G FcGAaNԛa.y@ %F /K % C "GG l  /0rPresumption: Historic police powers of states are not to be superceded unless that is the clear intent of Congress r?@dOP_ Rounded Process%w! H   "5 B,G "1 0< G ]4BGe!f@ %F /K ! C " < /0SIs it physically or logically impossible to comply with both federal and state law?S?@dOP_ Rounded Process%G! H   "5 ,G "1 0< G ]4BGe!f@ %F /K  C " < /0THas Congress so dominated the field as to leave no room for supplemental regulation?T?@dOP_ Rounded Process%G! H   "5 ,G "1 0< G {/I- gh~@ %F /K  C " < /0TDoes state law stand as an obstacle to the full accomplishment of congress' purpose?T?@dOP_ Rounded Process%G!0(`?@Q?H@??@Q?H@?!`Q"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C " </0No?@dOP_ %! H   "5 0 "1 0< G QjIFKO-tO/@ %(F /K  C D"> L /0j-Does the fed law ex-plicity permit state law?-?@dOP_ Rounded Process%!|t H   "5  8  "1 0< G ^St@Kvl@ %(F /K  C "0 hh D /04Implied Preemption?@dOP_ Rounded Process% ! H   "5 r "1 0< G Nʒ< Cna@ %(F /K  C H"   < /0~7Does the federal statute explicitly preclude state law?7?@dOP_ Rounded Process%r!*" H   "5 /0 "1 0< G O{WTN@FǷ@ %F /K  C "    /0ECongressional silence may be intentional (to leave field unregulated) E?@dOP_ Rounded Process%! H   "5 o H "1 0< G P@w!FVsPzj@ %(F /K  C  " 4 /0^'Has Congress legislated on the subject?'?@dOP_ Rounded Process%H!z`(?@v?3@?(?@v?3@?!`< Z"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C 0 L/0DProf. Manheim Spring, 2005?@,ddOP_ %!|t`Mb?;@@?0@?Mb?;@@?0@?!`zH"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C * d /08Constitutional Law I?@dOP_ %!nf H   "5 S X&r "1 0< G _NҊNCaMK@ %wF /K S C ">   4 /06Conflict Preemption?@dOP_ Rounded Process%r!h` H   "5 X&r "1 0< G _NҊNCaMK@ %wF /K T C ">   4 /00Field Preemption?@dOP_ Rounded Process%r!` ?|@"?j@? ?|@"?j@?!`p2;"`  ! ??+#`>   $`_ C "= $ /0Yes?@dOP_ %;!|t H   "5    "1 0< G iBL ,2#+@ %(F /K e C "- hh D /04Express Preemption?@dOP_ Rounded Process% !2*`G?X@@z?@@?G?X@@z?@@?!`h"`  ! ??+#`>   $`h C "hh < /0Yes?@dOP_ %h!| H   "5 2f!} "1 0< G  Aw   $`k C (! , /0n/Preemption is the Supremacy Clause in operation/?@dOP_ %!`|??4@`9?H@?|??4@`9?H@?!`Z-e"`  ! ??+#`>   $`l C Zee D/0<Congressional intent is the touchstone of implied preemption<?@dOP_ %e!4,``?}@@?@?`?}@@?@?!`Ng"`  ! ??+#`>   $`n C " 4 /0 Consider?@dOP_ %!ph H   "5 ",[ "1 0< G 2ks,Euy[;i@ %F /K r C "\\ l  !&/0xNote: every federal law occupies some field. The question is whether the state law falls within that particular "field" x?@dOP_ Process%[!ph` r?@ Zd?@? r?@ Zd?@?!` )"`  ! ??+#`>   $`t C " T /0<frustration of purpose?@dOP_ %! 0000 00u | |0?w C %!*"` ?Ĕ@?p@? ?Ĕ@?p@?!`\ ;"`  ! ??+#`>   $`x C " 4 /0Yes?@dOP_ %;! 0000 00o 0?y C %! `?@?p@??@?p@?!`  "`  ! ??+#`>   $`z C " , /0No?@dOP_ %!zr`S?ܜ@t?`@?S?ܜ@t?`@?!`v t "`  ! ??+#`>   $`{ C ( < /0^'Only valid federal statutes can preempt'?@dOP_ %!`? М@ ? @?? М@ ? @?!`l ="`  ! ??+#`>   $`| C == L /0mThe federal statute can preclude all state laws on the subject or just those inconsistent w/ federal policiesm?@dOP_ %=!H@ H   "5 2m "1 0< G _0LSRH0 @ %F /K } C "l L/0xOne theory of the dormant commerce clause is (negative) preemption to further cong'l intent to leave an area unregulatedx?@dOP_ Process%m!0000 00$(**,0? C %!RJ`@O?@ Zd?@?@O?@ Zd?@?!`)"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C "  D /0.actual conflict?@dOP_ %!0000 00$(**,0? C %!RJ`|?@ Zd?@?|?@ Zd?@?!`l)S"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C "U 4/0>occupation of the field?@dOP_ %S! 0000 00$ % %#%#X&0? C%! 0000 00$%%%X&0? C%!ld H   "5 [] "1 0< G l!D 7@ PF /K  C "])) 4 /06State law Preempted?@dOP_ Predefined Process%]!| H   "5 ; r "1 0< G s0U:DhnQ"@ %(yF /K  C  "> , /0R!State law is likely NOT preempted!?@dOP_ Alternate Process%r! 0000 00; 00? C %! 0000 00$ C 0? C%!$`?y@?8@??y@?8@?!`+@"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C " ,  /0Note?@dOP_ %!`Q?(@ X9?h@?Q?(@ X9?h@?!`6z "`  ! ??+#`>   $` C  < /0mEven when not preempted, a state law may be uncon-stitutional on other grounds. Consider the Dormant Com.Cl.m?@dOP_ %!vn`?@ \?@??@ \?@?!`"s&0"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C $2 </0Z%Two basic types of implied preemption%?@dOP_ %0! ` X9?8@@?T@? X9?8@@?T@?!`_>2d"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C "f ,  /0No?@dOP_ %d!` $? @ \?@? $? @ \?@?!`!"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C B 4/08Federal law often expressly permits consistent state law8?@dOP_ %!XP H   "5 "3[ "1 0< G 2ks,Euy[;i@ %F /K  C "\\ t ! &/0dField preemption precludes even consistent state law because congress may not want state enforcement + d?@dOP_ Process%[!00 00K%1K%30? C%! 0000 00$# % %%0? C%! H   "5 \0,  "1 0< G QjIFKO-tO/@ %(F /K  C J" L /0p0Is the state law within the scope of preemption?0?@dOP_ Rounded Process%, ! 0000 0000? C %!"`E?8@(?@@?E?8@(?@@?!`AFY"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C ! ,/0Yes?@dOP_ %Y!00 00H[0? C %!"`@5^?@(?0@?@5^?@(?0@?!`"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C " ,/0Yes?@dOP_ %!0000 00ffX0? C%!0(`= ? @Q?4@?= ? @Q?4@?!`"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C " </0No?@dOP_ %!80`x?@K?v@?x?@K?v@?!`_q /"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C  // L /0 ~Preemption arises only where a state has legislated in an area where congress has also acted (or specifically declined to act)~?@dOP_ % /! Dgh J7,@@ddO;w(P(yP(ysPPIn'4AtE8RtE8RrtE8RJړړJړړ%&׺׺&׺׺p4A}IדדIדדO(O(O(O(y33y33J8T4A)g##g##Sە%ەTCtE#%CtE#cdcdScdcd tE8RTtE8R!CtE#SCtE#yzd9_xwxd8_xwtE8RwtE8RKx^Nij GC%j GCf GCef GCcdT GC d GCbc GC!c GC*b GCb GCZ\ GC \ GCZ[ GC![`M GC)Z`M GCZ`M GCK`M GCK`M GC s('!rs('!t#%``8Arial` P1_`o('-N)B    BBasic DiagramsBB5\L۲H[B3 3  )( ! ??+ W`|LJ+5 "  Process L2   8       Process      / 6  |)0>g4>+jd)pp>g4>+?? d)ww>g4>++++j tC; "  Predefined Process L|2   8       Predefined Process      /     ! ??+ ET9PBu "  Rounded Process L2 888- M 8       Rounded Process      /     ! ??+ FcGAaNԛa.y "  Rounded Process L2 787-  8       Rounded Process      /     ! ??+ ]4BGe!f "  Rounded Process L2 878,  8       Rounded Process      /     ! ??+ {/I- gh~ "  Rounded Process L2 878,  8       Rounded Process      /     ! ??+ QjIFKO-tO/ "  Rounded Process L 2 888,  8    iShape   Rounded Process      /     ! ??+ ^St@Kvl "  Rounded Process L2 787, O 8       Rounded Process      /     ! ??+ Nʒ< Cna "  Rounded Process L2 888-  8       Rounded Process      /     ! ??+ O{WTN@FǷ "  Rounded Process L2 888-  8       Rounded Process      /     ! ??+ P@w!FVsPzj "  Rounded Process L2 888-  8       Rounded Process      /    w ! ??+ _NҊNCaMK "  Rounded Process L2 ((((  8       Rounded Process      /     ! ??+ iBL ,2#+ "  Rounded Process L2 888-  8       Rounded Process      /   @ ! ??+@  Awg4>+jd)pp>g4>+?? d)ww>g4>++++j l!D 7 "  Predefined Process L|2   8       Predefined Process      /   @H y ! ??+@H  s0U:DhnQ" "  Alternate Process L2 ((** T 8       Alternate Process      /     ! (??+ QjIFKO-tO/ "  Rounded Process L 2 888,        %( Rounded Process        8Arial /   BBB BB'BB,BFLOB'BB,BB;L]nS@Bjڮ@B &HArial Arial NarrowArialArialx Arial Narrow  Arial  Arial NarrowArialArialArial Arial ArialLArial ArialArial Arial Arial!Arial$Arialx%Arialx&Arial B  BLArialdhh  BY Text Style 1ArialI Shape Style 1 9 Line Style 1d B BB B B Bf  (B   "B>   .B   /B   B8ArialB8Arial B8Arial!B8Arial1B8Arial4B8Arial7B 8B8ArialBA B  BT,\ ?+B*B%Fb-B2BB'BB,BFLOB'BB,BB;L]nS@B"-C@B-'HArial Arial NarrowArialArialx Arial Narrow  Arial  Arial NarrowArialArialArial Arial ArialLArial ArialArial Arial Arial!Arial$Arialx%Arialx&Arial 'ArialB  BLArialdhh  BY Text Style 1ArialI Shape Style 1 9 Line Style 1d B BB B B Bf  (B   "B>   .B   /B   B8ArialB8Arial B8Arial!B8Arial1B8Arial4B8Arial7B 8B8ArialBA B  BT,\% ?+B*B%Fb-B2BB