ࡱ> Root Entry~>O-  Contents Diagram1DiagClass0x-  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwyz{|}~  !"#$%&'()*+,-./DocComponentsInfo$BsTaxspend- /=@@?xDf /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_'&{00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000}! ,Layer 1nf`@z?I@ η?R@?@z?I@ η?R@?!`:2"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C ! ,/0b)Current rule indicated by bold blue lines)?@dOP_ %!00 000T300*0?~ C%!00 0030T30?} C%!um H   "5 ! T3  "1 0< G P!Ӝ$Bq#U@ (F /K | C  "g  < %$/00Query: what standard of review does the Court use in determining relatedness? Does this resemble the judicial activism of dual federalism era??@,ddOP_ Process% !RJ``I?:@ \? @?`I?:@ \? @?!`& 5"`  ! ??+#`>   $`{ C $ ,/0FPart of every const'l test ?@dOP_ %!00 00::&0?z C%!00 0<0 ! !0?y C%!:2` G?X@ ?@? G?X@ ?@?!` ~ A"`  ! ??+#`>   $`x C " AA 4$&/0&During "Dual Federalism" era, court treated taxes and expenditures as "regulations" if they had more than an "incidental" regulatory effect?@dOP_ %~ A!00 00P0?w C %!00 0<04\ 40?v C%!00 00@ @ 0?u C%!00 0<0$@ @ 440?t C%!00 00u#u#0?s C%! H   "5  "1 0< G I|r@ (F /K r C 0"qq ,/0d*No. Congress does not have "police power"*?@,ddOP_  Punched Card%! H   "5 8 "1 0< G aɡ:7C̆WP@ F /K q C V"H $/0J"General welfare" language acts as internal limit on the tax & spend powerJ?@dOP_ Process%8!RJ`(?@j?@?(?@j?@?!`\ *"`  ! ??+#`>   $`b C " $/0NRule during Dual Federalism era?@dOP_ %!<4`ף?4@@?@?ף?4@@?@?!`Z $ "`  ! ??+#`>   $`a C !&  $/08Constitutional test:?@dOP_ %!PH` ?ڡ@ η?>@? ?ڡ@ η?>@?!`)(-v"`  ! ??+#`>   $`Y C $x </04Compare Lopez ?@dOP_ %v!TL` ?ڡ@ η?@? ?ڡ@ η?@?!`)(&v"`  ! ??+#`>   $`X C $x </08Compare Gregory ?@dOP_ %v!00 0<04"04"40?V C%!00 0<03"(4",0?U C%!00 0<04""4"D%0?T C%! H   "5 4& "1 0< G n+JkSk{@ %F /K S C D" $/084. Do the conditions violate express const'l provisions?8?@,ddOP_  Terminal%&! H   "5 , "1 0< G n+JkSk{@ %F /K R C >" $/0z53. Are the conditions related to the grant's purpose?5?@,ddOP_  Terminal%! H   "5 D%& "1 0< G n+JkSk{@ %F /K N C " $/0V#2. Are the conditions unambiguous?#?@,ddOP_  Terminal%&! H   "5 J "1 0< G $xB(4I@ (F /K I C  "5 $/0n/Additional Test for Conditional Grant to States/?@dOP_  Subroutine%!00 0(0Jm dm 0?F C%!00 0(0hm m 0?E C%!00 00Q:Q0?D C%!`?5?4@?T@??5?4@?T@?!`Zq"`  ! ??+#`>   $`C C B!qq $/0@Note: this interpretation renders tax & spend clause superfluous@?@dOP_ %q!`p=?y@j?@?p=?y@j?@?!`. "`  ! ??+#`>   $`; C L"  , /08Modern rule No 10th amendment restrictions (of 1st kind)8?@,ddOP_ %! H   "5 u "1 0< G jloL#uV@ F /K : C R" t  '((/0P CONGRESS' POWER TO TAX AND SPEND ?@dOP_ Process%u!<4`?4@S?@??4@S?@?!`Z "`  ! ??+#`>   $`7 C ! $/08Congress has power: ?@dOP_ %!00 00$-v/Pv/]-0?6 C%!rj`(? @l?:@?(? @l?:@?!`"u"`  ! ??+#`>   $`5 C   < "/0DProf. Manheim Spring, 2005?@,ddOP_ %!d\`@b?,@?4@?@b?,@?4@?!`?Z8 "`  ! ??+#`>   $`4 C :  L "/08Constitutional Law I?@dOP_ %!00 00u# u#0?2 C%!00 00@ @ 0?/ C%!00 0<0((J0?- C%!00 0<0"]R&0?, C%!( `?Ԕ@@?@??Ԕ@@?@?!`o3$"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C " $/0$ Broad view ?@dOP_ %!00 00z #R&0?+ C%!( `?y@@?@??y@@?@?!`G3$"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C " $/0$ Broad view ?@dOP_ %! H   "5 R&Cb "1 0< G &0$}N ҥ)@ M(F /K * C |" 4 %/0UCongress determines whether a taxing or spending measure promotes the general welfareU?@dOP_ Rounded Process%Cb!:2 H   "5 R&Cb "1 0< G GFj}@ %F /K ) C " < %/0uCongress determines whether a measure is a nec-essary and proper MEANS to advance a legitimate END (enumerated power)u?@dOP_ Rounded Process%Cb!00 00"&0?( C%!*"`?t@j?@??t@j?@?!`#"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C " $/0& Narrow view ?@dOP_ %!00 00 #&0?' C%!*"`?`@ ?؟@??`@ ?؟@?!` #"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C " $/0& Narrow view ?@dOP_ %! H   "5  & "1 0< G r7xM$[Z@ C (F /K & C " 4 %/0FCourt decides policy issues?@dOP_ Rounded Process%!} H   "5 J "1 0< G >iE b'@ %F /K % C " $/0R!1. Is it for the general welfare?!?@,ddOP_  Terminal%! H   "5 8 "1 0< G \KQ?@ %F /K $ C " $/0l.Does Congress otherwise have regulatory power?.?@dOP_ Rounded Process%8!00 0<0"V"0?# C%!00 00@ V> 0?" C%!4, H   "5  "1 0< G ĉKGYT@ %(F /K  C "OO T @@ $%/0TYES. Congress may tax & spend for the general welfare (independent of other powers)T?@>dddOP_ Rounded Process%!f^ H   "5 T "1 0< G i.Ct'@ (F /K  C "hh 4/08Hamiltonian position?@dOP_  Subroutine%T!d\ H   "5 T "1 0< G i.Ct'@ (F /K  C "hh 4/06Madisonian position?@dOP_  Subroutine%T!0( H   "5  "1 0< G E64)@ %@@(F /K  C "EE |!!!@@ @@$@@%@@/0GNO. Congress may tax/spend only as a MEANS to some other enumerated END G?@,ddOP_ Rounded Process%!NF`= ?4@|?? @?= ?4@|?? @?!`ZLT"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C !V $/0JAre these independant powers??@dOP_ %! H   "5 d~  "1 0< G '%øN<6@ %(F /K  C >"qq < /0t2provide for the common Defence and general Welfare2?@dOP_ Rounded Process%!ph H   "5 ~ T "1 0< G D4(ES,@ %(F /K  C "qq < /00To pay the Debts?@dOP_ Rounded Process%T!x H   "5 ~ T "1 0< G D4(ES,@ %(F /K  C  "qq < /0@To lay and collect Taxes?@dOP_ Rounded Process%T!|t`"?@"۹?@?"?@"۹?@?!`H. "`  ! ??+#`>   $` C *  4/0h,New 10th amendment restrictions (of 2d kind),?@dOP_ % !`l?>@ η?@?l?>@ η?@?!`& "`  ! ??+#`>   $` C T$ t  /0RDerived from S. Dak. v. Dole  ?@dOP_ %!00 0(07^ D^ 0? C%!00 000? C%!DD`V?2@@z?@?V?2@@z?@?!`PB8` "`HB H??? AA(A  ܼA@aDCdZ[v1);;6MZU{()`? <">ETpF T20`˿ƺ׹غ 3 _k UI9Ҽӽߔ":G[ J J ['*wſ೽㬭Ɵҿн R J?=nڀɫַŷ-` i̶ǃ|<5T`_ЭC8uQOü૫Ɨǽ᢫̼Сԥʜ̸ֺŶĿܺоɺή÷ǷҼθꮲ-'i M{x XJ3⬭A/ [_ X& Zz VQw s mg0,a߲Žи=B|cU^e鏏Y! jry@@k 7 5ߤ9;+-~sk]U \Sa W;8U乷GA71qTBg E >qr}{ j jĉy xmk FD;~咚"yYh<2uϰ OIk aROikѻkfW [jm]`Π+!f L ^g(~䡨6 n` f ^\`ҼQ\VW^[-,A H LѴ昕g ^ Ffe^cr#mic _Xov KPlkx^]IB UQcvlS=l,/V㌍ 5O׼KHbn VNA+% g+$A,-W AɺA3uY geY slbV G91&~S kmnT=_\ ?IǼGV9+օqrbchX_2 $V Hkujj25G**JVjD/a DM \ V bt" tH>:oᣨ@ ae%,Fзي]\dls99d9@ᯫ;Y Z?!YR \T e?H¸)1Aed?- c D P+ cQ `j \Vhj8i^ [hgYaȡ$_ Qb8+|g c06RԲ7=Xm c1&_MbUa ?T ^2%z _N32 C A J˸̤,(NX j31p60}^ k.'!r \[ k} HEgfred F 3 U ^cwl0l:?Y}Ѝ Bhp8*#m gZ?9U23[ QﺬD5wZRŹqf vo_SOAD@q Uf$vq `bkfc`C B 9Z6(~ݏhiXY`P W06 # |uic/:^䰯/-o`]kLPX7@jUSGȌij]f}ۿ׵=' q I8/v SM^^bjmm71q鮬 S ]-&~ɼ f h78cvufd˿rhti]`IkfӮ~JVm _[NXgԿ񄄶\l%IҲί :\c < ` VHݲر>OW glαχ B 5fnem9 Ktuļ S ]R=iϻ渺ܶthJT Jg l<~d W ]VLALnbS;'O^_ejgaý_]KIg mUmns{w\:9|B Dw~r|tm 3#,UxpDAQ,_@78]Q Mlrmniï\W N > J D G =6N R-a_ M GǺNI62}Ȋ `U\sm\_ @7 _p,*uغ|vF`qꫴ[l=PO Y [.0fU W`{ tmauuffד ]d20i2' Z6;/ R N[[}~ `WYꥣ O_/)ջnf45belhh e ^U v]e]JCRdQ ZT)'z g g8CWֹ!1gkAD;7WTMTTNUPGU瞮&IXdFH쳿7D^ hd֫ąHZWQZZU>Ъ]h3-qbn*6u,:ettq_cf L_ahc `Q.5Nݦts(&cooo l8)p˼X\ KD^kVdDSw Y?>Sjst P*̸՟ތ̀_olnAhX75޺ջ%\Snhp6>Xjg W Y DJL;7~!c MJB:MHpߩhc}af=/-g>RP5*^-dXV O/6|dd0{DcT! 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A=/RKgN Q lY@IC<S *ir F P}{6XH=b_HE\XKƹdi T^vcdc A2㓡QZGKdʥ "8v!Źѻ''M EMIKy dg} L Zogkf RM˿ѿA :XJc| > JqiE7i<.`st:b`05|PX b:GC- nUɼނ C I S Q C*.c8ByI2-S;6\#G8 NYcusZc>;r DYH=AS#A:@ N \*lvv 7-J 3^a)+Q(!_]onD\FMMe@/ Y ;aB.SX/<:+4?eb@, z F#T4j kffQ59x; R K+i I[$ dǺsj R#JKT i T;SVF UOy<;.%oHmfVB.K4WE XUBBdnod oywVU\DC< na`X6.c?3qW` h_FHmD4j^ j\ fC6y,'T"k\P;,{@*ejkBEKxchmg H>C6 OE#a!b]D{ G 4] Q V\!"C"dR7 T L{ D<䮴κƱýڮհޫٵű+#`>   $` C b  /0?@OP_ %` !$|~,0 q0 wxee`wASL$w-0@oE$;ލE$;ލF$3ۍF$3ۍSV$RV$&~SL|}SLR}ISLIySLtvSLuSLtuSLqs4SLRU4SLNT4SLIT4SL*64SL)64SL*,4SL%,4SL)+4SL$+4SL&(K4SL%(4SL&'}4SL$'4SL#4SL"4SL"#%``8Arial` P1_`o('-N)B ! ??+ P!Ӝ$Bq#U "  Process L2 BBasic DiagramsBBDJQ~-&Bz, ^,  )( ! ??+ P!Ӝ$Bq#U "  Process L2   8       Process      / ( )0 ! ??+ I|r "  Punched Card L2    8       Punched Card      /  )( ! ??+ aɡ:7C̆WP "  Process L2  M 8       Process      /     ! ??+ n+JkSk{ "  Terminal L2 ''SS  8       Terminal      / & t)(H>HM>+d)ddH>HM>+(( d)H>HM>+hh+ $xB(4I "  Subroutine L_n2   8       Subroutine      /  )( ! ??+ jloL#uV "  Process L 2   8       Process      /     ! ??+ &0$}N ҥ) "  Rounded Process L2 888-  8       Rounded Process      /     ! ??+ GFj} "  Rounded Process L2 888-  8       Rounded Process      /     ! ??+ r7xM$[Z "  Rounded Process L2 88Root Entry~>Ob۝ $ Contents Diagram1DiagClass0 -  !"#$%&'()*+,-./DocComponentsInfo$BTaxspend- /=@@?xDf /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_'&{00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000}! ,Layer 1nf`@z?I@ η?R@?@z?I@ η?R@?!`:2"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C ! ,/0b)Current rule indicated by bold blue lines)?@dOP_ %!00 00:T3:0*0?~ C%!00 000T30?} C%!me H   "5  T3K "1 0< G P!Ӝ$Bq#U@ (F /K | C " %% 4 %/00Query: what standard of review does the Court use in determining relatedness? Does this resemble the judicial activism of dual federalism era??@,ddOP_ Process%K!RJ``I?`@ \? @?`I?`@ \? @?!`' 5"`  ! ??+#`>   $`{ C $ ,/0FPart of every const'l test ?@dOP_ %!00 00::&0?z C%!00 0<0 !3 !0?y C%!:2` G?X@ ?@? G?X@ ?@?!` ~ A"`  ! ??+#`>   $`x C " AA 4$&/0&During "Dual Federalism" era, court treated taxes and expenditures as "regulations" if they had more than an "incidental" regulatory effect?@dOP_ %~ A!00 00P0?w C %!00 0<04\ 40?v C%!00 00@ @ 0?u C%!00 0<0$@ @ 440?t C%!00 00u#u#0?s C%! H   "5  "1 0< G I|r@ (F /K r C 0"qq ,/0d*No. Congress does not have "police power"*?@,ddOP_  Punched Card%! H   "5 8 "1 0< G aɡ:7C̆WP@ F /K q C V"H $/0J"General welfare" language acts as internal limit on the tax & spend powerJ?@dOP_ Process%8!RJ`(?@j?@?(?@j?@?!`\ *"`  ! ??+#`>   $`b C " $/0NRule during Dual Federalism era?@dOP_ %!<4`ף?4@@?@?ף?4@@?@?!`Z $ "`  ! ??+#`>   $`a C !&  $/08Constitutional test:?@dOP_ %!PH` ?@ η?>@? ?@ η?>@?!`~(-v"`  ! ??+#`>   $`Y C $x </04Compare Lopez ?@dOP_ %v!TL` ?@ η?@? ?@ η?@?!`~(&v"`  ! ??+#`>   $`X C $x </08Compare Gregory ?@dOP_ %v!00 0<0!0!40?V C%!00 0<0!(!,0?U C%!00 0<0!"!D%0?T C%! H   "5 34& "1 0< G n+JkSk{@ %F /K S C D" $/084. Do the conditions violate express const'l provisions?8?@,ddOP_  Terminal%&! H   "5 3, "1 0< G n+JkSk{@ %F /K R C >" $/0z53. Are the conditions related to the grant's purpose?5?@,ddOP_  Terminal%! H   "5 3D%& "1 0< G n+JkSk{@ %F /K N C " $/0V#2. Are the conditions unambiguous?#?@,ddOP_  Terminal%&! H   "5 3J "1 0< G $xB(4I@ (F /K I C  "5 $/0n/Additional Test for Conditional Grant to States/?@dOP_  Subroutine%!00 0(0Jm dm 0?F C%!00 0(0hm m 0?E C%!00 00Q:Q0?D C%!`?5?4@?T@??5?4@?T@?!`Zq"`  ! ??+#`>   $`C C B!qq $/0@Note: this interpretation renders tax & spend clause superfluous@?@dOP_ %q!`p=?y@j?@?p=?y@j?@?!`. "`  ! ??+#`>   $`; C L"  , /08Modern rule No 10th amendment restrictions (of 1st kind)8?@,ddOP_ %! H   "5 u "1 0< G jloL#uV@ F /K : C R" t  '((/0P CONGRESS' POWER TO TAX AND SPEND ?@dOP_ Process%u!<4`?4@S?@??4@S?@?!`Z "`  ! ??+#`>   $`7 C ! $/08Congress has power: ?@dOP_ %!00 00$-v/Pv/l-0?6 C%!rj`(?8@l?:@?(?8@l?:@?!`!u"`  ! ??+#`>   $`5 C   < "/0DProf. Manheim Spring, 2005?@,ddOP_ %!d\`@b?,@?4@?@b?,@?4@?!`?Z8 "`  ! ??+#`>   $`4 C :  L "/08Constitutional Law I?@dOP_ %!00 00u# u#0?2 C%!00 00@ @ 0?/ C%!00 0<0((J0?- C%!00 0<0"lR&0?, C%!( `?Ԕ@@?@??Ԕ@@?@?!`o3$"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C " $/0$ Broad view ?@dOP_ %!00 0(0z #R&0?+ C%!( `?y@@?@??y@@?@?!`G3$"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C " $/0$ Broad view ?@dOP_ %!  H   "5 R&b "1 0< G &0$}N ҥ)@ M(F /K * C l"z $/0UCongress determines whether a taxing or spending measure promotes the general welfareU?@dOP_ Rounded Process%b!(  H   "5 R&b "1 0< G GFj}@ %F /K ) C "z ,/0tCongress determines whether a measure is a necessary and proper MEANS to advance a legitimate END (enumerated power)t?@dOP_ Rounded Process%b!00 00"&0?( C%!*"`?t@j?@??t@j?@?!`#"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C " $/0& Narrow view ?@dOP_ %!00 00 #&0?' C%!*"`?`@ ?؟@??`@ ?؟@?!` #"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C " $/0& Narrow view ?@dOP_ %!nf H   "5  & "1 0< G r7xM$[Z@ %(F /K & C " $/0FCourt decides policy issues?@dOP_ Rounded Process%!} H   "5 J "1 0< G >iE b'@ %F /K % C " $/0R!1. Is it for the general welfare?!?@,ddOP_  Terminal%! H   "5 8 "1 0< G \KQ?@ %F /K $ C " $/0l.Does Congress otherwise have regulatory power?.?@dOP_ Rounded Process%8!00 0<0"V"0?# C%!00 00@ V> 0?" C%!4, H   "5  "1 0< G ĉKGYT@ %(F /K  C "OO T @@ $%/0TYES. Congress may tax & spend for the general welfare (independent of other powers)T?@>dddOP_ Rounded Process%!f^ H   "5 T "1 0< G i.Ct'@ (F /K  C "hh 4/08Hamiltonian position?@dOP_  Subroutine%T!d\ H   "5 T "1 0< G i.Ct'@ (F /K  C "hh 4/06Madisonian position?@dOP_  Subroutine%T!0( H   "5  "1 0< G E64)@ %@@(F /K  C "EE |!!!@@ @@$@@%@@/0GNO. Congress may tax/spend only as a MEANS to some other enumerated END G?@,ddOP_ Rounded Process%!NF`= ?4@|?? @?= ?4@|?? @?!`ZLT"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C !V $/0JAre these independant powers??@dOP_ %! H   "5 d~  "1 0< G '%øN<6@ %(F /K  C >"qq < /0t2provide for the common Defence and general Welfare2?@dOP_ Rounded Process%!ph H   "5 ~ T "1 0< G D4(ES,@ %(F /K  C "qq < /00To pay the Debts?@dOP_ Rounded Process%T!x H   "5 ~ T "1 0< G D4(ES,@ %(F /K  C  "qq < /0@To lay and collect Taxes?@dOP_ Rounded Process%T!|t`"?@"۹?@?"?@"۹?@?!`. 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