ࡱ> Root Entry~>O{.3 ContentsY DocComponentsInfo$DiagClass0]Root Entry~>O@wA ContentsY DocComponentsInfo$DiagClass0h]  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefgijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~  !"#$%&'()*+,-./012Diagram1BоJustic- /=`@?x /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_'&{00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000}.! ,Layer 100 00$?2$P30? C%!00 00d?2dP30? C%!00 00!11"110? C%!0000 00!+!11 110? C%!0000 000P30? C%!0000 00""0? C%!00 00 0 P30? C%!00 00100? C%!00 00100? C%!0000 00> 0> P30? C%! 0000 00$+,> ,> -0? C%! 0000 00$+,0,0-0? C%! 0000 00$"U "^$!^$!h(0? C%!`@ ?@`?@@?@ ?@`?@@?!`| "`  ! ??+#`>   $` C 8  T $/0DProf. Manheim Spring, 2005?@,ddOP_ % !`? ǥ6?~-@ tc@X?y3=@??j-@=`X?;@?aql!`D} "`  ! ??+#`>   $` C Z  #/08Constitutional Law I?@dOP_ % !kc H )  "5 H  "1 0< G 9P1GE@ F /K  C "\\ T %'/0 STANDING?@dOP_ Process% !00 00 a."b.0? C%!VN`(?x@+?@?(?x@+?@?!`1"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C " D/02related inquiries?@dOP_ %!00 00R x F"0? C%! H %  "5 P3FE "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %pF /K  C <" </0`(Requires nexus between right and injury(?@,ddOP_ Rounded Process%cE! H $  "5 C"P3E "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %gF /K  C 0" </0f+Exceptions: 1st amend; special relationship+?@dOP_ Rounded Process%cE! H #  "5  P3cE "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %wF /K z C F" </0|6Difficult to establish if 3rd party is proximate cause6?@dOP_ Rounded Process%cE! H "  "5 P35E "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %~F /K x C Z" L/08Hohfeldian injury; Const'l, statutory, common law rights8?@dOP_ Rounded Process%cE!ph H !  "5 P3E "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %JF /K u C " </00Class actions OK?@dOP_ Rounded Process%cE!rj H   "5 I$08 "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %ZF /K o C " </02Taxpayer standing?@dOP_ Rounded Process%8!x H   "5 IT-8 "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %ZF /K n C  " D/08Association standing?@dOP_ Rounded Process%8! H   "5 c "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %gF /K ] C L"hh </0p,Judicial Restraint (principles of avoidance),?@,ddOP_ Rounded Process%c!`X H   "5 F"* "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %F /K [ C " </0 Finality?@dOP_ Rounded Process%*!00 0(00?K C%!00 0(0$0?H C%! H   "5 # : "1 0< G 9P1GE@ C wF /K ? C "1 4/0FSubject Matter Jurisdiction?@dOP_ Rounded Process%:! H   "5 x-c  "1 0< G tzySB'z/mb@ %wF /K 6 C V" </0>If judicial relief can't cure injury, then it becomes advisory>?@dOP_ Rounded Process%c !ph H   "5 "T-8 "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %ZF /K 5 C " </00Zone of interest?@dOP_ Rounded Process%8! H   "5 "$08 "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %ZF /K 4 C " L/0>Jus tertii standing ?@dOP_ Rounded Process%8!00 00+ -0?2 C%! H   "5  -  "1 0< G [-87BCH;@ %wF /K 1 C l" D/0ECausal nexus between def't's (illegal) action and plaintiff's injuryE?@dOP_ Rounded Process% !z H   "5 -  "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %ZF /K . C  " </0BNo generalized grievances?@dOP_ Rounded Process% !z H   "5 #-8  "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %ZF /K - C  " </0BLegally cognizable injury?@dOP_ Rounded Process%8 ! H   "5 Jh( "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %F /K ( C 8" </0J3 Remediable by the court?@>dddOP_ Rounded Process%! H   "5 h(k "1 0< G 9P1GE@ H@F /K ' C B" </0f'4 Violating plaintiff's personal rights'?@,ddOP_ Rounded Process%k! H   "5 & h(b "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %F /K & C :" </0^#2 Resulting from defendant's action#?@,ddOP_ Rounded Process%b! H   "5 \h( "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %F /K % C 0" </0T1 Distinct and palpable injury?@,ddOP_ Rounded Process%!00 00UR F"0? C%!00 00R F"0? C%!tl H   "5 EF"* "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %F /K  C " D/0,Concrete facts?@dOP_ Rounded Process%*!ld H   "5 F"* "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %F /K  C " </0,Adver-sariness?@dOP_ Rounded Process%*!jb H   "5   "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %gF /K  C "gg 4/02Mootness Ripeness?@dOP_ Rounded Process%! H   "5  "1 0< G 9P1GE@ C gF /K  C "gg 4/02Advisory Opinions?@dOP_ Rounded Process%! H   "5  "1 0< G 9P1GE@ C gF /K  C "gg 4/04Political Question?@dOP_ Rounded Process%!ph H   "5 l "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %gF /K  C "gg L!/0 Standing?@dOP_ Rounded Process%!vn H   "5  "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %wF /K  C "1gg </06Case or Controversy?@dOP_ Rounded Process%!z H   "5  4 "1 0< G 9P1GE@ > @(F /K  C " D$/0& Article III ?@dOP_  Subroutine% 4! H !  "5 P3E "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %JF /K  C @" D/0n/examine the specific remedy sought by plaintiff/?@dOP_ Rounded Process%cE! 0000 00$+,,-0? C%!d\`n?Ȋ@Q?@?n?Ȋ@Q?@?!` "`  ! ??+#`>   $`_ C ""  D /0@Justiciability Doctrines?@dOP_ % ! 00000(00? C%! 00000(0# # 0? C%!6.`Q?@?@?Q?@?@?!`|P&8"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C ": </0Focus?@dOP_ %8!`@|?@(?0@?@|?@(?0@?!`"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C  /0?@OP_ %! H ,   B L25 q .  "1 0< G 9P1GE@ C @pF ``8Arial` P1_`o/K  C B"   l &(@@$ !/0HThe judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress may ... establish  ?@dOP_ Rounded Process@%. !`@|?@(?0@?@|?@(?0@?!`"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C  /0?@OP_ %! H ,   B L25  > { "1 0< G 9P1GE@ C @pF ``8Arial` P1_`o/K  C ~"   \ &($ /0The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and equity, arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made ...[and] to controversies$ - ?@,ddOP_ Rounded Process@%> {!`tx?X@(?0@?tx?X@(?0@?!`"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C  /0?@OP_ %!0000 0@0U U<<0? C%!0000 00[ [<<0? C%!.&`|? x@@?@?|? x@@?@?!` V"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C X ,)*+/0" Section 1 ?@dOP_ %V!.&` ?H@(?ȁ@? ?H@(?ȁ@?!`r V"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C X ,)*+/0" Section 2 ?@dOP_ %V!ld H -   B L25 Z "1 0< G 9P1GE@ F ``8Arial` P1_`o/K  C " $&/0^'Creation of courts and vesting of power'?@dOP_ Rounded Process@%3!D< H -   B L25 ?3 "1 0< G 9P1GE@ F ``8Arial` P1_`o/K  C " $&/06Limitation on power?@dOP_ Rounded Process@%3!00 00^ \ 0? C%!00 000? C%!00 00 *#)0? C %!4,` Zd?@`㥻?0@? Zd?@`㥻?0@?!`l!4"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C  4(,/0 see also?@dOP_ %! 0000 00$C,,0? C%! 0000 00$ES#LS#L`/`/0? C%! 0000 0(0$Q o%o%h(0? C%!0000 0(0o%o%h(0? C%!00 0(0o%h(0? C%!F>`@z?l@?@?@z?l@?@?!`P&"`  ! ??+#`>   $`t C " </0* Adversariness ?@dOP_ %!H@`@z?@?@?@z?@?@?!`P&"`  ! ??+#`>   $`m C " </0,Redressability?@dOP_ %!>6`Q?h@?@?Q?h@?@?!` P&8"`  ! ??+#`>   $`l C ": </0" Causation ?@dOP_ %8!00 000P30? C%! @1Z63.ucK>Y&V(3}X3}X%xHxH.xZ@[bE]f`'Rthfxjxdd?||@yN@heNhefpPpPp NHK,H\H\YeY12(W5W%W.W%W-W-WxWW1WzWHW]W6WW'WoWW4WoWW4WW(W6W#Arial ArialX%``8Arial` P1_`o('-N)B?@z?@?D@?!`)"`  ! ??+#`> BBasic DiagramsBB9P1GEB4] ]!  )( ! ??+ 9P1GE "  Process L2   8       Process      / . t)(a>:>+^d)dda>:>+## d)a>:>+;;+^ 9P1GE "  Subroutine Lam2 }  8       Subroutine      /     @! ??+ 9P1GE "  Rounded Process L 2 888-  8       Rounded Process       3 /    S ! ??+ 9P1GE "  Rounded Process L2 888-  8       Rounded Process      /    p ! ??+ 9P1GE "  Rounded Process L2 888-  8    iShape   Rounded Process       3 /    g ! ??+ 9P1GE "  Rounded Process L2 888-  8       Rounded Process      /    w ! ??+ 9P1GE "  Rounded Process L2 888-  8       Rounded Process      /    ~ ! ??+ 9P1GE "  Rounded Process L2 888-  8       Rounded Process      /    J ! ??+ 9P1GE "  Rounded Process L2 888-  8       Rounded Process      /    Z ! ??+ 9P1GE "  Rounded Process L 2 888-  8       Rounded Process      /    a ! ??+ 9P1GE "  Rounded Process L2 888-  8       Rounded Process      /    J ! ??+ 9P1GE "  Rounded Process L2 888-  8       Rounded Process      /    Z ! ??+ 9P1GE "  Rounded Process L2 888-  8       Rounded Process      /    g ! ??+ 9P1GE "  Rounded Process L2 888-  8       Rounded Process      /    J ! ??+ 9P1GE "  Rounded Process L 2 888-  8    iShape   Rounded Process      /    w ! ??+ 9P1GE "  Rounded Process L2 888-  8    iShape   Rounded Process      /    w ! ??+ 9P1GE "  Rounded Process L2 888-  8       Rounded Process      /    Z ! ??+ 9P1GE "  Rounded Process L2 787-  8       Rounded Process      /    Z ! ??+ 9P1GE "  Rounded Process L2 888-  8       Rounded Process      /     ! ??+ 9P1GE "  Rounded Process L2 888-  8       Rounded Process      / $   ! ??+ 9P1GE "  Rounded Process L2 888-  8       Rounded Process      /     ! ??+ 9P1GE "  Rounded Process L2 888-  8       Rounded Process      /    g ! ??+ 9P1GE "  Rounded Process L 2 888-  8       Rounded Process      /    U ! ??+ 9P1GE "  Rounded Process L2 888-  8       Rounded Process      /    Q ! ??+ 9P1GE "  Rounded Process L2 888-  8       Rounded Process      /    g ! ??+ 9P1GE "  Rounded Process L2 888-  8       Rounded Process      / & t)( ?:>+&d)dd ?:>+77 d) ?:>++& 9P1GE "  Subroutine Lam2   8       Subroutine      /    J ! ??+ 9P1GE "  Rounded Process L2 888-  8       Rounded Process      /    J ! ??+ 9P1GE "  Rounded Process L 2 888-        %J Rounded Process        8Arial  /    p ! ??+ 9P1GE "  Rounded Process L2 888-          Rounded Process      ``8Arial` P1_`o  8Arial /    p ! ??+ 9P1GE "  Rounded Process L2 888-  Z    iShape   Rounded Process      ``8Arial` P1_`o  8Arial /    w ! ??+ tzySB'z/mb "  Rounded Process L2 88g-  8      %w Rounded Process        8Arial  /    w ! ??+ [-87BCH; "  Rounded Process L2 8889-  8      %w Rounded Process        8Arial  /   BBB BB g ! FLOB'BB,BB{oi@B!-#/@B#,HArial Arial Narrow Arial Narrow Arial NarrowArialArialxArial Arial Narrow ArialLArialArial ArialArial Arial ArialArial Arial !ArialL#Arial$Arial%Arialx&Arial'Arialx(Arial) Black-Chance*EnglishTowne-Normal+EnglishTowne-Normal,ArialB  BLArialdh|(  B0` Text Style 1 Arial NarrowN Default Shape > Default Line d B BB B B Bz(  (B   "B>   .B   /B   B8ArialB8Arial B8Arial!B8Arial1B8Arial4B8Arial7B 8B8ArialBA B XpBT,`'?+B*BoI`-B2BB  8       Subroutine      /    !"#$%&'()*+,-./012Diagram1BJustic- /=`@?x /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_ /0?@OP_'&{00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000}/! ,Layer 100 00$?2$P30? C%!00 00d?2dP30? C%!00 00!11"110? C%!0000 00!+!11 110? C%!0000 000P30? C%!0000 00""0? C%!00 00 0 P30? C%!00 00100? C%!00 00100? C%!0000 00> 0> P30? C%! 0000 00$+,> ,> -0? C%! 0000 00$+,0,0-0? C%!0000 00!V !h(0? C%!`@ ?@`?@@?@ ?@`?@@?!`| "`  ! ??+#`>   $` C 8  T $/0DProf. Manheim Spring, 2005?@,ddOP_ % !`? ǥ6?~-@ tc@X?y3=@??j-@=`X?;@?aql!`D} "`  ! ??+#`>   $` C Z  #/08Constitutional Law I?@dOP_ % !kc H )  "5 H  "1 0< G 9P1GE@ F /K  C "\\ T %'/0 STANDING?@dOP_ Process% !00 00 a."b.0? C%!VN`(?x@+?@?(?x@+?@?!`1"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C " D/02related inquiries?@dOP_ %!00 00R x F"0? C%! H %  "5 P3FE "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %pF /K  C <" </0`(Requires nexus between right and injury(?@,ddOP_ Rounded Process%cE! H $  "5 C"P3E "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %gF /K  C 0" </0f+Exceptions: 1st amend; special relationship+?@dOP_ Rounded Process%cE! H #  "5  P3cE "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %wF /K z C F" </0|6Difficult to establish if 3rd party is proximate cause6?@dOP_ Rounded Process%cE! H "  "5 P35E "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %~F /K x C Z" L/08Hohfeldian injury; Const'l, statutory, common law rights8?@dOP_ Rounded Process%cE!ph H !  "5 P3E "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %JF /K u C " </00Class actions OK?@dOP_ Rounded Process%cE!rj H   "5 I$08 "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %ZF /K o C " </02Taxpayer standing?@dOP_ Rounded Process%8!x H   "5 IT-8 "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %ZF /K n C  " D/08Association standing?@dOP_ Rounded Process%8! H   "5 c "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %gF /K ] C L"hh </0p,Judicial Restraint (principles of avoidance),?@,ddOP_ Rounded Process%c!`X H   "5 F"* "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %F /K [ C " </0 Finality?@dOP_ Rounded Process%*!00 0(00?K C%!00 0(0$0?H C%! H   "5 # : "1 0< G 9P1GE@ C wF /K ? C "1 4/0FSubject Matter Jurisdiction?@dOP_ Rounded Process%:! H   "5 x-c  "1 0< G tzySB'z/mb@ %wF /K 6 C V" </0>If judicial relief can't cure injury, then it becomes advisory>?@dOP_ Rounded Process%c !ph H   "5 "T-8 "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %ZF /K 5 C " </00Zone of interest?@dOP_ Rounded Process%8! H   "5 "$08 "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %ZF /K 4 C " L/0>Jus tertii standing ?@dOP_ Rounded Process%8!00 00+ -0?2 C%! H   "5  -  "1 0< G [-87BCH;@ %wF /K 1 C l" D/0ECausal nexus between def't's (illegal) action and plaintiff's injuryE?@dOP_ Rounded Process% !z H   "5 -  "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %ZF /K . C  " </0BNo generalized grievances?@dOP_ Rounded Process% !z H   "5 #-8  "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %ZF /K - C  " </0BLegally cognizable injury?@dOP_ Rounded Process%8 ! H   "5 Jh( "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %F /K ( C 8" </0J3 Remediable by the court?@>dddOP_ Rounded Process%! H   "5 h(k "1 0< G 9P1GE@ H@F /K ' C B" </0f'4 Violating plaintiff's personal rights'?@,ddOP_ Rounded Process%k! H   "5 & h(b "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %F /K & C :" </0^#2 Resulting from defendant's action#?@,ddOP_ Rounded Process%b! H   "5 \h( "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %F /K % C 0" </0T1 Distinct and palpable injury?@,ddOP_ Rounded Process%!00 00UR F"0? C%!00 00R F"0? C%!tl H   "5 EF"* "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %F /K  C " D/0,Concrete facts?@dOP_ Rounded Process%*!ld H   "5 F"* "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %F /K  C " </0,Adver-sariness?@dOP_ Rounded Process%*!jb H   "5   "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %gF /K  C "gg 4/02Mootness Ripeness?@dOP_ Rounded Process%! H   "5  "1 0< G 9P1GE@ C gF /K  C "gg 4/02Advisory Opinions?@dOP_ Rounded Process%! H   "5  "1 0< G 9P1GE@ C gF /K  C "gg 4/04Political Question?@dOP_ Rounded Process%!ph H   "5 l "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %gF /K  C "gg L!/0 Standing?@dOP_ Rounded Process%!vn H   "5  "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %wF /K  C "1gg </06Case or Controversy?@dOP_ Rounded Process%!z H   "5  4 "1 0< G 9P1GE@ > @(F /K  C " D$/0& Article III ?@dOP_  Subroutine% 4! H !  "5 P3E "1 0< G 9P1GE@ %JF /K  C @" D/0n/examine the specific remedy sought by plaintiff/?@dOP_ Rounded Process%cE! 0000 00$+,,-0? C%!d\`n?Ȋ@Q?@?n?Ȋ@Q?@?!` "`  ! ??+#`>   $`_ C ""  D /0@Justiciability Doctrines?@dOP_ % ! 00000(00? C%! 00000(0# # 0? C%!6.`Q?@?@?Q?@?@?!`|P&8"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C ": </0Focus?@dOP_ %8!`@|?@(?0@?@|?@(?0@?!`"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C  /0?@OP_ %! H ,   B L25 q .  "1 0< G 9P1GE@ C @pF ``8Arial` P1_`o/K  C B"   l &(@@$ !/0HThe judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress may ... establish  ?@dOP_ Rounded Process@%. !`@|?@(?0@?@|?@(?0@?!`"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C  /0?@OP_ %! H ,   B L25  > { "1 0< G 9P1GE@ C @pF ``8Arial` P1_`o/K  C ~"   \ &($ /0The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and equity, arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made ...[and] to controversies$ - ?@,ddOP_ Rounded Process@%> {!`tx?X@(?0@?tx?X@(?0@?!`"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C  /0?@OP_ %!0000 0@0U U<<0? C%!0000 00[ [<<0? C%!.&`|? x@@?@?|? x@@?@?!` V"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C X ,)*+/0" Section 1 ?@dOP_ %V!.&` ?H@(?ȁ@? ?H@(?ȁ@?!`r V"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C X ,)*+/0" Section 2 ?@dOP_ %V!ld H -   B L25 Z "1 0< G 9P1GE@ F ``8Arial` P1_`o/K  C " $&/0^'Creation of courts and vesting of power'?@dOP_ Rounded Process@%3!D< H -   B L25 ?3 "1 0< G 9P1GE@ F ``8Arial` P1_`o/K  C " $&/06Limitation on power?@dOP_ Rounded Process@%3!00 00^ \ 0? C%!00 000? C%!00 00 *#)0? C %!4,` Zd?@`㥻?0@? Zd?@`㥻?0@?!`l!4"`  ! ??+#`>   $` C  4(,/0 see also?@dOP_ %! 0000 00$C,,0? C%! 0000 00$ES#LS#L`/`/0? C%! 0000 0(0$Q o%o%h(0? C%!0000 0(0o%o%h(0? C%!00 0(0o%h(0? C%!F>`@z?l@?@?@z?l@?@?!`P&"`  ! ??+#`>   $`t C " </0* Adversariness ?@dOP_ %!H@`@z?@?@?@z?@?@?!`P&"`  ! ??+#`>   $`m C " </0,Redressability?@dOP_ %!>6`Q?h@?@?Q?h@?@?!` P&8"`  ! ??+#`>   $`l C ": </0" Causation ?@dOP_ %8!00 000P30? C%! H .   B L25 _$[" "1 0< G 9P1GE@ F ``8Arial` P1_`o/K  C <"rgg ,&/09Congress can influence this determination, but not others9?@dOP_ Rounded Process@%! 0000 00$`$Q `$W!&W!&["0? 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